Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 5 protein from homo sapiens

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to novel mammalian excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) proteins and genes encoding such proteins. The invention is directed towards the isolation, characterization and use of human excitatory amino acid transporter proteins for pharmacological screening of analogues, agonists, antagonists, inhibitors, modulators and facilitators of excitatory amino acid transport in a variety of tissues, particularly neuronal tissues. This invention provides isolated nucleic acid encoding a novel excitatory amino acid transporter subtype that is specifically expressed in retina. Also provided are recombinant expression constructs capable of expressing this novel transporter in transformed prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and also provides such transformed cell cultures producing the novel human transporter. Purified transporter protein and membranes comprising the transporter protein are also provided. The invention provides methods of screening compounds in vitro for transporter binding properties using said preparations of protein and membranes from transformed cell cultures, as well as from amphibian oocytes expressing the human transporter protein provided herein.

This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/188,469, filed on Nov. 9, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,825, which is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/948,569, filed on Oct. 10, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,926, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/140,729, filed on Oct. 20, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,782. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/028,325 filed on Oct. 11, 1996. All of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

This invention was made with government support under National Institute of Health grant DA07595. The government has certain rights to this invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to amino transporters from mammalian species and the genes corresponding to such transporters. Specifically, the invention relates to the isolation, cloning and sequencing of complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding a novel human amino acid transporter gene. The invention also relates to the construction of recombinant expression constructs comprising such cDNAs from a novel human amino acid transporter gene of the invention, said recombinant expression constructs being capable of expressing amino acid transporter protein in cultures of transformed prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as in amphibian oocytes. Production of the transporter protein of the invention in such cultures and oocytes is also provided. The invention relates to the use of cultures of such transformed cells to produce homogeneous compositions of the novel transporter protein. The invention also provides cultures of such cells and oocytes expressing transporter protein for the characterization of novel and useful drugs. Antibodies against and epitopes of the transporter protein are also provided by the invention.

2. Background of the Invention

The approximately 20 naturally-occurring amino acids are the basic building blocks for protein biosynthesis. Certain amino acids, such as glutamate and glycine, as well as amino acid derivatives such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), epinephrine and norepinephrine, and histamine, are also used as signaling molecules in higher organism such as man. For these reasons, specialized trans-membrane transport proteins have evolved in all organisms to recover or scavenge extracellular amino acids (see Christensen, 1990, Physiol. Rev. 70: 43-77for review).

These transporter proteins play a particularly important role in uptake of extracellular amino acids in the vertebrate brain and peripheral motor and sensory tissues (see Nicholls & Attwell, 1990, TiPS 11: 462-468). Amino acids that function as neurotrarsmitters must be scavenged form the synaptic cleft between neurons to enable continuous repetitive synaptic transmission. More importantly, it has been found that high extracellular concentrations of certain amino acids (including glutamate and cysteine) can cause neuronal cell death. High extracellular amino acid concentrations are associated with a number of pathological conditions, including ischemia, anoxia and hypoglycemia, as well as chronic illnesses such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS: see Pines et al., 1992 Nature 360: 464-467).

Glutamate is one example of such amino acid. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter (i e., excitatory neurons use glutamate as a neurotransmitter). When present in excess (>about 300 μM; Bouvier et al., 1992, Nature 360: 471-474; Nicholls & Attwell, ibid.; >5 μM for 5 min.; Choi et al., 1987, J. Neurosci. 7: 357-358), extracellular glutamate causes neuronal cell death. Glutamate transporters play a pivotal role in maintaining non-toxic extracellular concentrations of glutamate in the brain. During anoxic conditions (such as occur during ischemia), the amount of extracellular glutamate in the brain rises dramatically. This is in part due to the fact that, under anoxic conditions, glutamate transporters work in reverse, thereby increasing rather that decreasing the amount of extracellular glutamate found in the brain. The resulting high extracellular concentration of glutamate causes neuron death, with extremely deleterious consequences for motor and other brain functions, resulting in stroke and other instances of organic brain dysfunction.

This important role for amino acid transporters in maintaining brain homeostasis of extracellular amino acid concentrations has provided the impetus for the search for an development of compounds to modulate and control transporter function. However, conventional screening methods require the use of animal brain slices in binding assays as a first step. This is suboptimal for a number of reasons, including interference in the binding assay by non-specific binding of heterologous (i.e., non-transporter) cell surface proteins expressed by brain cells in such slices; differential binding by cells other than neuronal cells present in the brain slice, such as glial cells or blood cells; and the possibility that putative drug binding behavior in animal brain cells will differ from the binding behavior in human brain cells in subtle but critical ways. These same limitations arise in the use of animal-derived sensory tissue, particularly retina, to study the effects of transporter function in these tissues. The ability to synthesize human transporter molecules in vitro would provide an efficient and economical means for rational drug design and rapid screening of potentially useful compounds.

Amino acid transporters are known in the art, and some of these proteins have been isolated biochemically and their corresponding genes have been recently cloned using genetic engineering means.

Christensen et al., 1967, J. Biol. Chem. 242: 5237-5246 report the discovery of a neutral amino acid transporter (termed the ACS transporter) in Erlich ascites tumor cells.

Makowske & Christensen, 1982, J. Biol Chem. 257: 14635-14638 provide a biochemical characterization of hepatic amino acid transport.

Kanner & Schuldiner, 1987, CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 22: 1-38 provide a review of the biochemistry of neurotransmitters.

Olney et al., 1990 Science 248: 596-599 disclose that the amino acid cysteine is a neurotoxin when present in excess extracellularly.

Wallace et al., 1990, J. Bacteriol. 112: 3214-3220 report the cloning and sequencing of a glutamate/aspartate transporter gene termed gltP from Escherichia coli strain K12.

Kim et al., 1991, Nature 352: 725-728 report the discovery that a cationic amino acid transporter is the cell surface target for infection by ecotropic retroviruses in mice.

Wang et al., 1991, Nature 352: 729-731 report the discovery that a cationic amino acid transporter is the cell surface target for infection by ecotropic retroviruses in mice.

Maenz et al., 1992, J. Biol Chem. 267: 8330-8335 report that the ASC transporter acts in a electrochemically neutral manner so that sodium ion co-transport occurs without disrupting the normal membrane potential of the cells expressing the transporter.

Engelke et al., 1992, J. Bacteriol. 171: 5551-5560 report cloning of a dicarboxylate carrier from Rhizobium meliloti.

Guastella et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 7189-7193 disclose the cloning of a sodium ion and chloride ion-dependent glycine transporter from a glioma cell line that is expressed in the rat forebrain and cerebellum.

Kavanaugh et al., 1992, J. Biol Chem. 267: 22007-22009 report that biochemical characterization of a rat brain GABA transporter expressed in vitro in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

Storck et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10955-10959 disclose the cloning and sequencing of a sodium ion-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain termed GLAST1.

Bouvier et al., ibid., disclose the biochemical characterization of a glial cell-derived glutamate transporter.

Pines et al., ibid., report the cloning and sequencing of a glial cell glutamate transporter from rat brain termed GLT-1.

Kanai & Hediger, 1992, Nature 360: 467471 disclose the cloning and sequence of a sodium ion-dependent neutral amino acid transporter of the A type that is homologous to a sodium-ion dependent glucose transporter.

Arriza et al., 1994, J. Neurosci. 14: 5559-5569 disclose genes for three novel glutamate transporters.

Nicholls & Attwell, ibid., review the role of amino acids and amino acid transporters in normal and pathological brain functions.

In humans, the sodium-dependent glutamate uptake transporters include 4 known subtypes, termed EAAT1 through EAAT3, that are expressed in neurons in the brain, as disclosed in co-owned and co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 08/140,729, filed Oct. 23, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,782, issued Aug. 19, 1997, and EAAT4, that are expressed in neurons in the cerebellum, as disclosed in co-owned and co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 08/663,808, filed Jun. 14, 1996, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated by reference herein. The transport of glutamate is driven by the co-transport of sodium ions and counter-transport of potassium ions down their electrochemical gradients across mammalian cell membranes, and may also involve co-transport of a proton. In addition, glutamate transport is also associated with uncoupled, passive efflux of chloride ions, the relative magnitude of such efflux varying with EAAT subtype. For EAAT1 through EAAT3, the magnitude of the chloride conductance is similar or smaller than the electrogenic transport current; for EAAT4, on the other hand, the current generated in experimental systems using Xenopus laevis oocytes is almost entirely due to chloride ion flux.

A chloride ion current associated with glutamate transporter activity has also been observed in retina, specifically retinal cone and rod photoreceptor cells and bipolar cells. As in central nervous system tissues, glutamate transport may play an important role in several neurological diseases that occur in the eye. Excessive levels of glutamate are neurotoxic and may be responsible for damage to retinal neurons due to glaucoma (Dreyer et al., 1996, Arch. Ophthalmol. 114: 299-305) and retinal ischemia (Honda, 1996, Nippon Ganka Gakkat Zasshi 100: 937-955), as well as retinopathy associated with premature birth, hypertension and diabetes (Kalloniatis, 1995, J. Amer. Optom. Assoc. 66: 750-757). Up-regulation of glutamate transport could be neuroprotective by lowering extracellular levels of glutamate in retina; pharmacological regulation of glutamate transporters has been demonstrated in frog oocytes (Zerangue et al., 1995, J. Biol. Chem. 270: 6433-4435) and native cells (Kataoka et al., 1997, J. Neurosci. 17: 7017-7024). Thus, there is a need in the art to determine the basis of the chloride ion current in retinal tissues and to determine whether the activity of a EAAT transporter is involved, in order to develop retinal protective agents for a variety of diseases and disorders.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the cloning, expression and functional characterization of mammalian excitatory amino acid transporter genes. The invention comprises nucleic acids having a nucleotide sequence of a novel excitatory amino acid transporter gene. The nucleic acids provided by the invention each comprise a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of the corresponding mRNA transcribed in vivo from the excitatory amino acid transporter gene of the invention. Also provided is the deduced amino acid sequences of the cognate protein of the cDNA provided by the invention.

This invention provides nucleic acids, nucleic acid hybridization probes, recombinant eukaryotic expression constructs capable of expressing the excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention in cultures of transformed cells and in amphibian oocytes, such as cultures of transformed eukaryotic cells and such amphibian oocytes that synthesize the excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention, and a homogeneous composition of the excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention. Methods for characterizing this transporter protein and methods for using this protein and cells and oocytes expressing this protein for the development of agents having pharmacological uses related to this transporter protein are also provided by the invention.

In a first aspect, the invention provides a nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence encoding a human excitatory amino acid transporter that is the EAAT5 transporter. In this embodiment of the invention, the nucleic acid encodes an amino acid sequence of 560 amino acid residues identified as SEQ ID No.: 10. In a preferred embodiment, the nucleotide sequence includes 2194 nucleotides of the human EAAT5 cDNA comprising 1680 nucleotides of coding sequence, 188 nucleotides of 5′ untranslated sequence and 326 nucleotides of 3′ untranslated sequence, identified as SEQ ID No.: 9. A preferred embodiment of the EAAT5 transporter is the nucleotide sequence depicted in FIGS. 1A through 1C (SEQ ID No: 9).

In another aspect, the invention comprises a homogeneous composition of the 61 kilodalton (kD) mammalian EAAT5 transporter and derivatives thereof, said size being understood to be the size of the protein before any post-translational modifications thereof. The amino acid sequence of the EAAT5 transporter and derivatives thereof preferably is the amino acid sequence of the human EAAT5 transporter protein shown in FIGS. 1A through 1C (SEQ ID No: 10). EAAT5 protein molecules provided by the invention are understood to have substantially the same biological properties as the EAAT5 protein molecule encoded by the nucleotide sequence described herein. Also provided by the invention are cell membrane preparations, preferably mammalian and amphibian cell membrane preparations, comprising the EAAT5 protein of the invention.

This invention provides both nucleotide and amino acid probes derived from the sequences herein provided. This invention includes probes isolated from either cDNA or genomic DNA, as well as probes made synthetically with the sequence information derived therefrom. The invention specifically included but is no limited to oligonucleotide, nick-translated, random primed, or in vitro amplified probes made using cDNA or genomic clone embodying the invention, and oligonucleotide and other synthetic probes synthesized chemically using the nucleotide sequence information of cDNA or genomic clone embodiments of the invention.

It is a further objective of this invention to provide such nucleic acid hybridization probes to determine the pattern, amount and extent of expression of this transporter gene in various tissues of mammals, including human. It is also an object of the present invention to provide nucleic acid hybridization probes derived from the sequences of the excitatory amino acid transporter gene of the invention to be used for the detection and diagnosis of genetic diseases. It is an object of this invention to provide nucleic acid hybridization probes derived from the DNA sequence of the excitatory amino acid transporter gene herein disclosed to be used for the detection of novel related receptor genes.

The present invention also includes synthetic peptides made using the nucleotide sequence information comprising the cDNA embodiments of the invention. The invention includes either naturally occurring or synthetic peptides which may be used as antigens for the production of excitatory amino acid transporter-specific antibodies, or used for competitors of excitatory amino acid transporter molecules for amino acid, agonist, antagonist or drug binding, or to be used for the production of inhibitors of the binding of agonist or antagonists or analogues thereof to such excitatory amino acid transporter molecules.

The present invention also provides antibodies against and epitopes of the mammalian amino acid transporter molecules of the invention. It is an object of the present invention to provide antibodies that are immunologically reactive to the excitatory amino acid transporters of the invention. It is a particular object to provide monoclonal antibodies against this excitatory amino acid transporter, most preferably the human excitatory amino acid transporter as herein disclosed. Hybridoma cell lines producing such antibodies are also objects of the invention. It is envisioned that such hybridoma cell lines may be produced as the result of fusion between a non-immunoglobulin producing mouse myeloma cell line and spleen cells derived from a mouse immunized with a cell line which expresses antigens or epitopes of an excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention. The present invention also provides hybridoma cell lines that produce such antibodies, and can be injected into a living mouse to provide an ascites fluid from the mouse that is comprised of such antibodies. It is a further object of the invention to provide immunologically-active epitopes of the excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention. Chimeric antibodies immunologically reactive against the excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention are also within the scope of this invention.

The present invention provides recombinant expression constructs comprising a nucleic acid encoding an excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention wherein the construct is capable of expressing the encoded excitatory amino acid transporter in cells, preferably mammalian or amphibian cells, and most preferably in mammalian cell culture transformed with the construct or amphibian oocytes comprising excitatory amino acid-encoding mRNA. Preferred embodiments of such constructs comprise a cDNA encoding a mammalian EAAT5 protein having an amino acid sequence identified as SEQ ID No.: 10. In other preferred embodiments, the cDNA encodes human EAAT5, most preferably having a nucleic acid sequence identified as SEQ ID No.: 9. The recombinant expression constructs provided by the invention are capable of expressing the excitatory amino acid transporter encoded therein in cells and oocytes transformed with the construct or into which the construct has otherwise been introduced.

The invention also provides cell cultures transformed with the recombinant expression constructs of the invention, each such culture being capable of and expressing the excitatory amino acid transporter encoded in the transforming construct. The invention also provides amphibian oocytes into which a recombinant expression construct of the invention is introduced, each such oocyte being capable of and expressing the excitatory amino acid transporter encoded in the transforming construct, or wherein RNA, most preferably mRNA, encoding the excitatory amino acid transporter protein has been introduced.

The present invention also includes within its scope protein preparations of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes containing the amino acid transporter protein of the invention, derived from cultures of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, respectively, transformed with the recombinant expression constructs of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, such preparation of cell membranes comprise the excitatory amino acid transporter proteins of the invention.

The invention also provides methods for screening compounds for their ability to inhibit, facilitate or modulate the biochemical activity of the excitatory amino acid transporter molecules of the invention, for use in the in vitro screening of novel agonist and antagonist compounds. In preferred embodiments, cells, particularly amphibian oocytes comprising nucleic acid encoding a mammalian excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention, including recombinant expression constructs of the invention, are contacted with such a compound, and the effect of the compound on excitatory amino acid transport is assayed. In preferred embodiments, transported amino acids include glutamate and aspartate, most preferably L-glutamate. Additional preferred embodiments comprise quantitative analyses of such effects. Also provided are assays that distinguish between the effects of such compounds on excitatory amino acid transport from effects of such compounds on chloride ion transport by the excitatory amino acid transporters of the invention.

The present invention is also useful for the detection of analogues, agonists or antagonists, heretofore known or unknown, of the excitatory amino acid transporters of the invention, either naturally occurring or embodied as a drug. In preferred embodiments, such analogues, agonists or antagonists may be detected in blood, saliva, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, lymph, vitreous humor, or any other bodily fluid. In additional preferred embodiments, the invention provides methods for detecting and identifying analogues, agonists or antagonists that preferentially affect either the amino acid uptake function or the chloride ion channel function of the amino acid transporters of the invention.

Specific preferred embodiments of the present invention will become evident from the following more detailed description of certain preferred embodiments and the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A through 1C illustrate the nucleotide (SEQ ID No.: 9) and amino acid (SEQ ID No.: 10) sequence of the human EAAT5 excitatory amino acid transporter.

FIG. 2 presents an amino acid sequence comparison between human EAAT5 (SEQ ID No.: 10) and the excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1 (SEQ ID No.: 2), EAAT2 (SEQ ID No.: 4), EAAT3 (SEQ ID No.: 6) and EAAT4 (SEQ ID No.: 8), wherein amino acid residues identical in 4 of 5 transporters are shown in white-on-black lettering. Also shown is one potential version of the transmembrane topology of the transporters, where (i-o) indicates that the sequence segment is arrayed from the inside to the outside of the cell, and (o-i) indicates that the sequence segment is arrayed from the outside to the inside of the cell across the cell membrane. Eight transmembrane segments (termed I through VIII) are shown.

FIG. 3 is an autoradiograph of mRNA from retina and other tissues hybridized with a EAAT5 specific probe and illustrating retinal-specific expression of EAAT5 in human tissues. The bottom portion of the Figure shows the same filter stripped of EAAT5 probe and re-hybridized with a β-actin probe as a control for mRNA loading in each lane.

FIGS. 4A through 4D illustrate the results of functional assays performed using Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with and expressing EAAT5 mRNA.

FIG. 4A shows the amount of (³H)-glutamate uptake in oocytes voltage-clamped at −60 mV (−60) or +10 mV (+10) in normal Ringers solution (normal), sodium-free (0 Na⁺) or chloride-free (0 Cl⁻) Ringers solution, or in the presence of threo-β-hydroxyaspartate (THA) or L-trans-pyrollidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (tPDC), or uninjected (uninjected).

FIG. 4B is a graph of the L-glutamate dose- and voltage-dependent steady-state current elicited by application of L-glutamate to EAAT5-expressing oocytes (data averaged from 7 cells). L-glutamate was applied in the following concentrations: -□-=3 μM; -∘-=10 μM; -Δ-=30 μM; -∇-=100 μM; -⋄-=300 μM; -x-=1000 μM.

FIG. 4C is a graph of the steady-state current elicited by application of 100 μM L-glutamate alone to Xenopus oocytes expressing human EAAT5 (shown as -□-) or in the presence of 100 μM tPDC (-Δ-), showing that tPDC blocks the L-glutamate induced steady state current. Application of 100 μm tPDC alone (-∘-) elicited a small, outward current at hyperpolarized potentials.

FIG. 4D is a graph of the steady-state current elicited by application of 100 μM L-glutamate alone to Xenopus oocytes expressing human EAAT5 (shown as -□-) or in the presence of 100 μM THA (-Δ-), showing that tPDC blocks the L-glutamate induced steady state current. Application of 100 μm THA alone (-∘-) elicited a small, outward current at hyperpolarized potentials.

FIGS. 5A through 5D illustrate the ion dependence of EAAT5 mediated currents induced in Xenopus oocytes expressing human EAAT5.

FIG. 5A is a graph of the steady-state current elicited by application of 100 μM L-glutamate alone to Xenopus oocytes expressing human EAAT5 in normal Ringers solution (shown as -∘-) or in Ringers solution where sodium ions have been replaced by N-methyl D-glucamine (-□-), showing that this replacement abolishes the L-glutamine induced current.

FIG. 5B is a graph of the steady-state current elicited by application of 100 μM L-glutamate alone to Xenopus oocytes expressing human EAAT5 in normal Ringers solution (shown as -∘-) or in Ringers solution where chloride ions have been replaced by gluconate (-□-), showing that this replacement has no effect at negative potentials but blocks outward current at positive potentials.

FIG. 5C is a graph of the steady-state current elicited by application of 100 μM L-glutamate alone to undialyzed Xenopus oocytes expressing human EAAT5 (shown as -∘-) or in oocytes having been dialyzed in chlorde-free solution for >48 hours (-□-), showing that this replacement abolishes the L-glutamine induced current.

FIG. 5D is a graph of the steady-state current elicited by application of 100 μM L-glutamate alone to Xenopus oocytes expressing human EAAT5 in normal Ringers solution (shown as -∘-) or in Ringers solution where chloride ions have been replaced by nitrate (-□), showing that this replacement elicits a large outward current.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The term “excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT5” as used herein refers to protein having substantially the same biological activity as the protein having the amino acid sequence depicted in FIGS. 1A through 1C (SEQ ID No.: 10). This definition is intended to encompass allelic variations in the EAAT5 sequence and conservative amino acid substitution variants, either naturally occurring or the product of in vitro chemical or genetic modification, provided that the biochemical properties of the EAAT5 protein as disclosed herein are not substantially or materially affected. Each such variant will be understood to have essentially the same biochemical activity and amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence of the corresponding EAAT5 protein disclosed herein.

The EAAT5 protein of the invention is encoded by an isolated nucleic acid, most preferably a nucleic acid sequence cloned into a replicable vector using vectors and methods known in the art. Cloned nucleic acid provided by the present invention may encode EAAT5 protein of any species of origin, including, for example, mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, and human, but preferably the nucleic acid provided by the invention encodes EAAT5 receptor of mammalian, most preferably human, origin.

The term “excitatory amino acid” is intended to encompass naturally-occurring and synthetic amino acids such as L-aspartate and L-glutamate, as well as homologues, analogues or derivatives thereof. The terms is also intended to encompass agonists, antagonist and inhibitors of mammalian glutamate and other excitatory amino acid transporters and receptors.

The term “detectably labeled” is intended to encompass any reporter molecule capable of being detected by radioactive, fluorescent, spectrophotometric or other physical or chemical means. Particular examples include radiolabels, including but not limited to ³H and ¹⁴C.

The term “chloride equilibrium potential” is intended to mean the membrane potential at which there is no detectable chloride ion flux across the cell membrane.

The nucleic acid hybridization probes provided by the invention comprise DNA or RNA having the nucleotide sequence of the amino acid transporters, depicted in FIGS. 1A through 1C (SEQ ID No.: 9), or any portion thereof effective in nucleic acid hybridization under stringency conditions sufficient to permit specific hybridization of the probe to a complementary nucleic acid sequence. Mixtures of such nucleic acid hybridization probes are also within the scope of this embodiment of the invention. Nucleic acid probes as provided herein are useful for detecting novel excitatory amino acid transporter genes related to the EAAT5 gene disclosed herein, specifically including homologous, cognate or syntenic transporter genes in non-human mammalian species. Nucleic acid probes as provided herein are also useful for detecting excitatory amino acid transporter gene expression in cells and tissues using techniques well-known in the art, including but not limited to Northern blot hybridization, in situ hybridization and Southern hybridization to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) product DNAs. The probes provided by the present invention, including oligonucleotides probes derived therefrom, are also useful for Southern hybridization of mammalian, preferably human, genomic DNA for screening restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) associated with genetic disorders.

The production of proteins such as excitatory amino acid transporter molecules from cloned genes by genetic engineering means is well known in this art. This discussion which follows is accordingly intended as an overview of this field, and in not intended to reflect the full state of the art.

DNA encoding an excitatory amino acid transporter may be obtained, in view of the instant disclosure, by chemical synthesis, by screening reverse transcripts of mRNA from appropriate cells or cultured cell lines, by screening genomic libraries from appropriate cells or tissues, or by combinations of these procedures, as illustrated below. Screening of mRNA or genomic DNA may be carried out with oligonucleotide probes generated from the nucleic acid sequence information from the excitatory amino acid transporters disclosed herein. Probes may be labeled with a detectable group such a fluorescent group, a radioactive atom or a chemiluminescent group in accordance with know procedures and used in conventional hybridization assays, as described. Nucleic acid sequences may be obtained by use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure, using PCR oligonucleotide primers corresponding to nucleic acid sequence information derived from an excitatory amino acid transporter as provided herein. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,195 to Mullis et al. and 4,683,202 to Mullis.

The excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention may be synthesized in host cells transformed with a recombinant expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding excitatory amino acid transporter cDNA. Alternatively, the excitatory amino acid transporter proteins of the invention can be synthesized in amphibian oocytes comprising nucleic acid, preferably mRNA, encoding the excitatory amino acid transporter. Recombinant expression constructs provided by the invention can also be advantageously comprised of a vector that is a replicable DNA construct. Vectors are used herein either to amplify DNA encoding an excitatory amino acid transporter and/or to express DNA encoding an excitatory amino acid transporter gene. For the purposes of this invention, a recombinant expression construct is a replicable DNA construct in which a nucleic acid encoding an excitatory amino acid transporter is operably linked to suitable control sequences capable of effecting the expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter in a suitable host or host cell.

The need for such control sequences will vary depending upon the host selected and the transformation method chosen. Generally, control sequences include a transcriptional promoter, optional ancillary transcription control sequences, such as transcription factor binding domains, enhancer sequences, and other eukaryotic “operator” sequences to control transcription, a sequence encoding suitable mRNA ribosomal binding sites, and sequences which control the termination of transcription and translation. Amplification vectors do not require expression control domains. All that is needed is the ability to replicate in a host, usually conferred by an origin of replication, and a selection gene to facilitate recognition of transformants. See, Sambrook et al.,: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Press: New York).

Vectors useful for practicing the present invention include plasmids, viruses (including phage), retroviruses, and integratible DNA fragments (i.e., fragments integratible into the host genome by homologous recombination). The vector replicates and functions independently of the host genome, or may, in some instances, integrate into the genome itself. Suitable vectors will contain replicon and control sequences which are derived from species compatible with the intended expression host. A preferred vector is pCMV5 (Andersson et al., 1989, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 8222-8229). Transformed host cells are cells which have been transformed or transfected with recombinant expression constructs made using recombinant DNA techniques and comprising nucleic acid encoding an amino acid transporter protein. In addition, preferred vectors comprise control sequences for in vitro RNA synthesis, whereby RNA prepared in vitro is introduced into the appropriate host cell and excitatory amino acid transporter protein is produced thereby. Preferred host cells are Xenopus laevis oocytes, oocytes from other amphibian species, and COS-7 cells (Gluzman, 1981, Cell 23: 175-182). Transformed host cells may express the excitatory amino acid transporter protein, but host cells transformed for purposes of cloning or amplifying nucleic acid hybridization probe DNA need not express the transporter. When expressed, the excitatory amino acid transporter protein molecules of the invention will typically be located in the host cell membrane. See, Sambrook et al., ibid

Cultures of cells derived from multicellular organisms are a desirable host for recombinant excitatory amino acid transporter protein synthesis. In principal, any higher eukaryotic cell culture is useful, whether from vertebrae or invertebrate culture. However, mammalian cells are preferred, as illustrated in the Examples. Propagation of such cells in cell culture has become a routine procedure. See Tissue Culture, Academic Press, Kruse & Patterson, editors (1973). Examples of useful host cell lines are human 293 cells, VERO and HeLa cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, and WI138, BHK, COS-7, CV, and MDCK cell lines. COS-7 cells are preferred.

Certain other primary host cells, not subjected to prolonged tissue culture adaptation, can be used to produce the excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention, particularly amphibian oocytes. Amphibian oocytes are useful for expressing the mammalian amino acids excitatory transporters of this invention, most preferably ooyctes from Xenopus laevis or other amphibian, which oocytes are used to provide cells convenient for the practice of some of the inventive methods disclosed herein. In these embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the excitatory amino acid transporter proteins of the invention is preferably RNA, more preferably mRNA, and most preferably in vitro synthesized mRNA as disclosed herein.

Thus, the invention also provides a method for making the mammalian excitatory amino acid transporters of the invention, most preferably human EAAT5, and membrane preparations comprising this transporter, by introducing nucleic acid encoding the transporter into an appropriate prokaryotic, or preferably, eukaryotic, most preferably mammalian, cell that is capable of expressing the transporter protein.

The invention provides homogeneous compositions of the EAAT5 proteins produced by transformed eukaryotic cells as provided herein. Such homogeneous compositions are intended to be comprised of the corresponding excitatory amino acid transporter protein that comprises at least 50-90% of the protein in such a homogenous composition. The invention also provides membrane preparations from cells expressing the excitatory amino acid transporter protein as the result of transformation with a recombinant expression construct, as described herein.

Amino acid transporter protein made from cloned genes in accordance with the present invention may be use for screening amino acid analogues, or inhibitors, agonists or antagonists of amino acid transport, or for determining the amount of such agonists or antagonists in a solution of interest (e.g. blood plasma or serum). For example, host cells may be transformed with a recombinant expression construct of the present invention, an excitatory amino acid transporter expressed in those host cells, and the cells or membranes thereof used to screen compounds for their effect on excitatory amino acid transport activity. By selection of host cells that do not ordinarily express an excitatory amino acid transporter, pure preparations of membranes containing the transporter can be obtained.

The recombinant expression constructs of the present invention are useful in molecular biology to transform cells which do not ordinarily express a excitatory amino acid transporter to thereafter express this receptor. Such cells are useful as intermediates for making cell membrane preparations useful for transporter activity assays, which are in turn useful for drug screening. The recombinant expression constructs of the present invention may also be useful in gene therapy. Cloned genes of the present invention, or fragments thereof, may also be used in gene therapy carried out homologous recombination or site-directed mutagenesis. See generally Thomas & Capecchi, 1987, Cell 51: 503-512; Bertling, 1987, Bioscience Reports 7: 107-112; Smithies et al., 1985, Nature 312: 230-234.

In preferred embodiments, the electrochemistry of the EAAT5 proteins of the invention are analyzed, and analogues, agonists and antagonists assayed, using amphibian oocytes, most preferably Xenopus laevis oocytes, comprising a nucleic acid encoding the excitatory amino acid transporter proteins of the invention that is preferably RNA, more preferably mRNA, and most preferably in vitro synthesized mRNA as disclosed herein, wherein the excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention is expressed thereby in the cell membranes of the oocytes. Preferred electrochemical assays are performed as disclosed herein in the Examples set out below.

Oligonucleotides of the present invention are useful as diagnostic tools for probing excitatory amino acid transporter gene expression in tissues of humans and other animals. For example, tissues are probed in situ with oligonucleotide probes carrying detectable groups by conventional autoradiographic techniques, to investigate native expression of this transporter or pathological conditions related thereto.

The invention also provides antibodies that are immunologically reactive to the excitatory amino acid transporter protein or epitopes thereof provided by the invention. The antibodies provided by the invention may be raised, using methods well known in the art, in animals by inoculation with cells that express an excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention or epitopes thereof, cell membranes from such cells, whether crude membrane preparations or membranes purified using methods well known in the art, or purified preparations of proteins, including fusion proteins, particularly fusion proteins comprising epitopes of the excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention fused to heterologous proteins and expressed using genetic engineering means in bacterial, yeast or eukaryotic cells, said proteins being isolated from such cells to varying degrees of homogeneity using conventional biochemical means. Synthetic peptides made using established synthetic means in vitro and optionally conjugated with heterologous sequences of amino acids, are also encompassed in these methods to produce the antibodies of the invention. Animals that are used for such inoculations include individuals from species comprising cows, sheep, pigs, mice, rats, rabbits, hamster, goats and primates. Preferred animals for inoculation are rodents (including mice, rats, hamsters) and rabbits. The most preferred animal is the mouse.

Cells that can be used for such inoculations, or for any of the other means used in the invention, include any cell line that expresses the excitatory amino acid transporter proteins of the invention, or any epitope thereof, as a result of a molecular or genetic engineering, or that has been treated to increase the expression of an endogenous or heterologous excitatory amino acid transporter protein by physical, biochemical or genetic means. Preferred cells are cells expressing the EAAT5 protein of the invention, including mammalian, insect and amphibian cells, and most preferably cells syngeneic to the animal to be inoculated, that have been transformed with a recombinant expression construct of the invention encoding an excitatory amino acid transporter protein, and that express the transporter therefrom.

The present invention also provides monoclonal antibodies that are immunologically reactive with an epitope derived from an excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention, or fragment thereof, present on the surface of such cells. Such antibodies are made using methods and techniques well known to those of skill in the art. Monoclonal antibodies provided by the present invention are produced by hybridoma cell lines, that are also provided by the invention and that are made by methods well known in the art.

Hybridoma cell lines are made by fusing individual cell of a myeloma cell line with spleen cells derived from animals immunized with cells expressing an excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention, as described above. The myeloma cell lines used in the invention include lines derived from myelomas of mice, rats, hamsters, primates and humans. Preferred myeloma cell lines are from mouse, and the most preferred mouse myeloma cell line in P3X63-Ag8.653. The animals from whom spleens are obtained after immunization are rats, mice and hamsters, preferably mice, most preferably Balb/c mice. Spleen cells and myeloma cells are fused using a number of methods well known in the art, including but not limited to incubation with inactivated Sendai virus and incubation in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The most preferred method for cell fussion is incubation in the presence of a solution of 45% (w/v) PEG-1450. Monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma cell lines can be harvested from cell culture supernatant fluids from in vitro cell growth; alternatively, hybridoma cells can be injected subcutaneously and/or into the peritoneal cavity of an animal, most preferably a mouse, and the monoclonal antibodies obtained from blood and/or ascites fluid.

Monoclonal antibodies provided by the present invention are also produced by recombinant genetic methods well known to those of skill in the art, and the present invention encompasses antibodies made by such methods that are immunologically reactive with an epitope of an excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention. The present invention also encompasses fragments, including but not limited to F(ab), F(ab)′ and F(ab)₂ fragments, of such antibody. Fragments are produced by any number of methods, including but not limited to proteolytic cleavage, chemical synthesis or preparation of such fragments by means of genetic engineering technology. The present invention also encompasses single-chain antibodies that are immunologically reactive with an epitope of an excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention, made by methods known to those of skill in the art.

The present invention also encompasses an epitope of an excitatory amino acid transporter of the invention, comprised ,f sequences and/or a conformation of sequences present in the transporter molecule. This epitope may be naturally occurring, or may be the result of proteolytic cleavage of a transporter molecule and isolation of an epitope-containing peptide or may be obtained by synthesis of an epitope-containing peptide using methods well known to those skilled in the art. The present invention also encompasses epitope peptides produced as a result of genetic engineering technology and synthesized by genetically engineered prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.

The invention also includes chimeric antibodies, comprised of light chain and heavy chain peptides immunologically reactive to an excitatory amino acid transporter-derived epitope. The chimeric antibodies embodied in the present invention include those that are derived from naturally occurring antibodies as well as chimeric antibodies made by means of genetic engineering technology well known to those of skill in the art.

The invention also provides methods for screening compounds for their ability to inhibit, facilitate or modulate the biochemical activity of the excitatory amino acid transporter molecules of the invention, for use in the in vitro screening of novel agonist and antagonist compounds. In preferred embodiments, cells, particularly amphibian oocytes transformed with a recombinant expression construct of the invention are contacted with such a compound, and the effect of the compound on the transport of the appropriate amino acid is assayed. Additional preferred embodiments comprise quantitative analyses of such effects. Also provided are assays that distinguish between the effect of such compounds on excitatory amino acid transport from effects of such compounds on chloride ion transport by the transporters of the invention.

As provided by the invention, such assays comprise a cell, most preferably a mammalian cell comprising a recombinant expression construct of the invention and expressing the excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention thereby, or an amphibian oocyte comprising a nucleic acid encoding an excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention and expressing said transporter thereby. In the practice of the methods of the invention, transporter activity is assayed using detectably-labeled excitatory amino acids or analogues thereof. In alternative embodiments, the electrophysiological and electrochemical effect of contacting such cells with an excitatory amino acid are assayed. Comparative assays performed in the presence or absence of putative analogues, agonists, antagonists, inhibitors, facilitators or modulators of transporter activity are provided by the invention.

The present invention is also useful for the detection of inhibitors, analogues, agonists or antagonists, heretofore known or unknown, of the excitatory amino acid transporters of the invention, either naturally occurring or embodied as a drug. In preferred embodiments, such inhibitors, analogues, agonists or antagonists may be detected in blood, saliva, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, lymph, or any other bodily fluid. In additional preferred embodiment, the invention provides methods for detecting and identifying inhibitors, analogues, agonists or antagonists that preferentially affect either the amino acid uptake function or the chloride ion channel function of the amino acid transporters of the invention.

In the practice of these embodiments of the invention, such assays comprise a cell or cell membrane, most preferably a mammalian cell comprising a recombinant expression construct of the invention and expressing the excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention thereby, or an amphibian oocyte comprising a nucleic acid encoding an excitatory amino acid transporter protein of the invention and expressing said transporter thereby. In the practice of the methods of the invention, transporter binding and activity are assayed using detectably-labeled excitatory amino acids or analogues thereof. In particular, the capacity for a mammalian sample comprising a fluid to compete with or inhibit binding of detectably-labeled excitatory amino acids or analogues thereof is assayed to detect the presence of inhibiting, modulating or competing compounds in a biological sample. Additionally, such assays are directed towards the effect of a biological sample comprising a fluid on the electrophysiological and electrochemical activity of excitatory amino acid transporter in response to the addition of an excitatory amino acid transporter substrate. Comparative assays performed in the presence or absence of the biological sample or appropriate dilutions thereof are also provided by the invention.

The Examples which follow are illustrative of specific embodiments of the invention, and various uses thereof. They set forth for explanatory purposes only, and are not to be taken as limiting the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 Isolation of a Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter c DNA

Excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1, EAAT2 and EAAT3 have been disclosed in co-owned and co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 08/140,729, filed Oct. 20, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,782, issued Aug. 10, 1997, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT4 has been disclosed in co-owned and co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 08/663,808, filed Jun. 14, 1996, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

A novel human excitatory amino acid transporter was cloned from retinal tissues using well-established techniques (see Sambrook et al., 1990, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Springs Harbor Press: New York). Briefly, cDNA was prepared from human retinal mRNA and screened under conditions of reduced stringency with a glutamate transporter cDNA obtained from salamander retina. Plaque filter lifts from a λgt10 library of human retinal cDNA were hybridized overnight at 55° C. in a solution of 0.5M dibasic sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 7% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salamander cDNA ³²P-radiolabeled by random priming at 10⁶ cpm/mL. After hybridization, filters were washed at 55° C. on 2×standard saline phosphate/EDTA (SSPE, composed of 0.3M NaCl, 0.02M dibasic sodium phosphate, pH 7.4 and 2 mM EDTA) and 1% SDS. Eight positively-hybridizing clones were isolated, and insert cDNA from these clones was separated from the λgt10 cloning vector by restriction enzyme digestion with EcoRI, subdloned into the plasmid pBSKII (obtained from Stratagene, LaJolla, Calif.) and characterized. The nucleotide sequence of two of these clones was determined for both DNA strands using a polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing system (PRISM, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) and an automated DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems Model 373 Stretch DNA Sequencer, Applied Biosystems). Sequence data analysis was performed using MacVector analysis software (IBI, New Haven, Conn.).

A portion of the nucleotide sequence of one of these clones, termed EAAT5, is shown in FIGS. 1A through 1C (SEQ ID No.: 9). This clone was 2.9 kilobases (kb) in length and was found to comprise 180 basepairs (bp) of 5′ untranslated sequence containing two in-frame translation stop codons upstream (5′) from a consensus Kozak sequence providing a translation initiation codon (ACCATGG). The clone contains an open reading frame following this translation initiation codon of 1683 bp, followed by approximately 1.1 kb of 3′ untranslated sequence, 326 bp of which is shown in FIG. 1C. Analysis of the other clone, which was about 3.1 kb in length, suggested that the retinal tissue mRNA corresponding to EAAT5 was about 3.1 kb in length.

The predicted gene product of EAAT5 is 560 amino acids in length (SEQ ID No.: 10) and has a predicted molecular weight (prior to any post-translational modifications) of about 61 kilodaltons. A comparison of the EAAT5 amino acid sequence with the other EAAT subtypes is shown in FIG. 2, and indicates that EAAT5 is a related but distinct member of the family of EAAT subtypes. For example, the EAAT5 sequence contains a single N-linked glycosylation site (NXS/T) in a putative large extracellular loop, while EAAT1, EAAT2 and EAAT3 contain 2 such sites and EAAT4 contains 3 of these sites. Using optimal sequence alignment, EAAT5 has 46% sequence identity with EAAT1, 43% sequence identity with EAAT4, 37% sequence identity with EAAT3 and 36% sequence identity with EAAT2. (For comparison, EAAT1 has 52% sequence identity with EAAT4 and 49% with EAAT3, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,782 and U.S. Ser. No. 08/663,808). The most striking sequence conservation observed between these different subtypes is found in a large hydrophobic sequence that includes the sequence AAIFIAQ (residues 388-394 in EAAT5). However, both the amino and carboxyl termini of these proteins, which are believed to be topographically arranged intracellularly, are poorly conserved. Notably, the amino acid sequence of the carboxyl terminus of EAAT5 conform to a sequence motif found in synaptic membrane proteins: E—(S/T)—X—V—COOH (see Sheng, 1996, Neuron 17: 575-578 for review). Table I provides a comparison of the EAAT5 carboxyl terminal amino acid sequence with those of the NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B and the Shaker-type potassium channel Kv.1.4:

TABLE I Protein C-terminal sequence EAAT5 S-E-L-E-T-N-V Seq ID No: 15 NR2A P-S-I-E-S-D-V Seq ID No: 16 NR2B S-S-I-E-S-D-V Seq ID No: 17 Kv1.4 K-A-V-E-T-D-V Seq ID No: 18

In these other proteins, interactions with a post-synaptic specific protein, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and particularly with certain domains of this protein (termed PDZ modular protein binding domains) have been studied, and the sequence similarity in EAAT5 indicates that EAAT5 should also interact with PSD-95. Preliminary results using a yeast two hybrid assay for protein-protein interactions indicate that EAAT5 has the ability to interact with PSD-95.

These results indicate that EAAT5 is a novel member of the excitatory amino acid transporter gene family that is expressed in retina.

EXAMPLE 2 Tissue Distribution of EAAT5 Expression

The tissue distribution of mRNA expression of the EAAT5 gene disclosed herein was determined in various tissues by Northern hybridization analysis (see Sambrook et al., ibid.) using human EAAT5 as a hybridization probe. The results of these experiments are shown in FIG. 3.

Human retinal poly(A)⁺ RNA (2 μg) was size-fractionated by denaturing formaldehyde agarose gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nylon membrane (Sambrook et al., ibid.). This membrane and Multiple Tissue Northern Blot (Clonetech, Palo Alto, Calif.) were hybridized with human EAAT5 coding sequence that had been radiolabeled with ³²P-dCTP (New England Nuclear, Boston, Mass.) by random priming (using a kit obtained from Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind.). Filters were hybridized overnight at 42° C. in a solution of 5×SSPE, 50% formamide, 7.5% Denhardt's solution, 2% SDS, 100 μg/mL denatured salmon sperm DNA and 10⁶ cpm/mL radiolabeled probe. Hybridization was visualized by autoradiography following two 30-min room temperature washes of the hybridized membranes in 2×SSPE/0.1% SDS followed by two 20-min washes at 50° C. in 0.1×SSPE/0.1% SDS. After autoradiography these membranes were stripped and re-hybridized with a radiolabeled β-actin probe to provide a control for RNA loading variations in each size-fractionated RNA sample.

These Northern blot analyses shown in FIG. 3 indicate that a 3.1 kb mRNA species encoding EAAT5 is abundantly expressed in human retina. A band of about the same size is also detected in liver, but at expression levels at least 20-fold lower than in retina. Weak hybridizing bands of about 2 kb in size were also detected in heart and muscle, and a very light band of approximately 4.5 kb was seen in brain RNA. It was not determined whether these differently sized bands reflect differential processing of the EAAT5 gene in these tissues or cross-hybridization of the EAAT5 probe with a closely related gene. However, these RNA sizes do not correspond to any of the other known EAAT subtypes. In order to determine whether the weak hybridization in brain RNA reflected a restricted distribution in certain brain regions, 20 μg of total RNA isolated from six different human brain regions (frontal and motor cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum) were assayed by Northern hybridization as described above. No hybridization signal was detected in these experiments.

These results strongly suggest that EAAT5 expression is retina-specific.

EXAMPLE 3 Functional Expression of EAAT5 in Xenopus Oocytes

The sequence similarity between EAAT5 as disclosed herein and the previously-identified glutamate transporters EAAT1 through EAAT4 suggested that the EAAT5 protein was also an in excitatory amino acid transporter. The biochemical and electrochemical activity of the EAAT5 protein was assayed in Xenopus oocytes following microinjection of in vitro synthesized EAAT5-encoding RNA.

Briefly, the coding sequence of the EAAT5 cDNA shown in FIGS. 1A through 1C (SEQ ID No.: 9) was isolated with unique flanking restriction endonuclease recognition sites using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique. In this method, each of the complementary primers used for PCR amplification of the EAAT5 coding sequence contained a sequence encoding a unique restriction endonuclease recognition site. The sense primer contained a recognition site for restriction enzyme Asp718, and the antisense primer contained a recognition site for XbaI. The complete sequence of each PCR primer used for this amplification reaction are:

EAAT5 sense primer:

CGCCGGTACCTCACCATGGTGCCGCAT (SEQ ID No.: 13);

EAAT5 antisense primer:

CGCCTCTAGAGGCTCAGACATTGGTCTC (SEQ ID No.: 14).

PCR amplification was performed for 25 cycles, each cycle comprising 30 seconds at 94° C. (denaturation), 30 seconds at 55° C. (annealing) and 2 minutes at 72° C. (extension) in 100 μL reaction mixture containing 1 μM each oligonucleotide primer, 10 ng plasmid template cDNA, 300 μM each deoxynucleotide, reaction buffer and Vent polymerase (New England Biolabs, Needham, Mass.). Following PCR amplification, the product of the reaction was purified using standard techniques (see Saiki et al., 1988, Science 239: 487-491) and the amplified DNA digested with Asp718 and XbaI. The digested amplified DNA was then subcloned into plasmid pOTV (see Arriza et al., ibid.) for preparing RNA for expression experiments in Xenopus oocytes.

EAAT5 RNA was prepared as follows. pOTV plasmid comprising the subcloned EAAT5amplified cDNA as described was digested with restriction endonuclease SpeI and synthetic RNA transcribed using T7 RNA polymerase and a mMessage mMachine RNA capping kit (Ambion, Austin, Tex.). EAAT5 mRNA so prepared was then diluted with water to a concentration of 400 μg/mL, and 50 nL of this EAAT5 mRNA was then microinjected into defolliculated stage V-VI Xenopus laevis oocytes. Oocytes were prepared as described (Quick & Lester, 1994, Methods in Neuroscience 14: 261-279) and used for expression experiments 2-5 days later.

Radiolabeled glutamate uptake experiments were performed at room temperature under voltage clamp at −60 mV (except, where noted, at +10 mV). Currents were recorded during bath application of 100 μM (³H)-L-glutamate (obtained from New England Nuclear, Boston, Mass.) in Ringers solution (96 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, and 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.5) -for 100 seconds, the tritiated L-glutamate having a specific activity of 20 Ci/mmol. After 100 second incubation in the presence of tritiated substrate, oocytes were washed in the bath for 3 minutes to reduce background radioactivity, and then individually lysed for >15 minutes in a scintillation vial containing 1% SDS. After cell lysis, scintillation cocktail was added to each vial and the amount of radioactivity counted.

The results of these experiments are shown in FIG. 4A. Uptake of radiolabeled glutamate was significantly increased over uninjected oocytes (typically 2- to 10-fold); however, this was less of a difference when comparing the amount of radiolabeled glutamate uptake in cells expressing EAAT-1, -2 or -3 (which was typically 50-fold; see U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,782). EAAT5 glutamate uptake was found to be both sodium- and voltage dependent, as evidenced by comparison of the amount of radiolabeled glutamate uptake in the absence of sodium (by replacement of sodium ions by N-methyl glucamine, represented in the Figure as “0 Na⁺”) and by the difference in radiolabeled glutamate uptake in voltage clamped experiments performed at +10 mV (represented by “+10” in the Figure). EAAT5 was similar to all other known EAAT subtypes in that glutamate uptake was not significantly affected by replacing external chloride ion with gluconate.

Two electrode voltage clamp recordings from EAAT5 expressing oocytes were performed at room temperature using glass microelectrodes filled with 3M KCl solution (resistance<1MΩ) and a Ag/AgCl pellet bath ground or an active bath probe. An Axon GeneClamp 500 amplifier was used with Digidata 1200 interfaces and controlled using pClamp6 software (Axon Instruments, Foster City, Calif.). Steady state currents were filtered at 2 kHz and digitized at 5 kHz. For current-voltage curves, the oocyte membrane potential was held at −30 mV and stepped through a range of +50 to −100 in 100 millisecond steps. Steady state currents were measured during the final 20 milliseconds of the command step.

The results of these experiments are shown in FIG. 4B. Application of glutamate to oocytes expressing EAAT5 generated a current that was both voltage and concentration dependent. The current was found to reverse at −20±1 mV, and this reversal potential was not affected by the glutamate concentration. Although nor predicted for an EAAT transporter, a outward current was observed that was similar to the outward current observed in oocytes expressing the EAAT4 transporter (as disclosed in co-owned and co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 08/663,808). Currents were also elicited by L- and D-aspartate and, much less potently, by D-glutamate. The apparent affinity (EC₅₀) and maximum current (I_(max)) for these compounds at a membrane potential held at −60 mV is shown in Table II:

TABLE II Compound n EC_(50°) μM I_(max) L-glutamate 5 64 ± 6 (1) D-glutamate 4 >10,000 (0.21 ± 0.06) L-aspartate 5 13 ± 5 0.67 ± 0.20 D-aspartate 4 64 ± 10 0.72 ± 0.03 THA 6 1.0 ± 0.1 (0) tPDC 4 6.2 ± 1.7 (0)

where I_(max) is normalized to L-glutamate I_(max) in the same oocyte. L-trans-pyrollidine-2,4dicarboxylic acid (THA) and threo-β-hydroxyaspartate (tPDC) did not induce currents in these oocytes. EAAT5 exhibits considerable stereospecificity for L-glutamate over D-glutamate, and a slight preference for L-aspartate over D-aspartate, and the affinity for L-glutamate is modestly voltage-dependent, increasing e-fold per 86 mV.

Both THA and tPDC were found to be potent blockers of both glutamate uptake (shown in FIG. 4A) and in the glutamate-elicited current in EAAT5-expressing oocytes. These results are shown in FIGS. 4C and 4D. Co-application of either 100 μM THA or 100 μM tPDC with glutamate almost entirely abolished the elicited current, as shown in these Figures. Neither compound generated a current with a voltage dependence similar to that of glutamate, even though these compounds acted as competitive substrates of other EAAT subtypes. In fact, both compounds applied to EAAT5-expressing oocytes alone elicited outward currents at negative potentials which became small and inward at positive potentials. In contrast, the high affinity EAAT2 subtype blocker kainate had minimal effect on EAAT5 function: in five cells tested, 1 mM kainate reduced the response to 100 μM glutamate to 84±11% of control over the range of −100 to −40 mV.

The dependence of EAAT5 glutamate-elicited currents on sodium and chloride ions is shown in FIGS. 5A through 5D. Sodium ion dependence is illustrated in FIG. 5A, where glutamate-elicited current is abolished in experiments performed in Ringer's solution in which sodium ions are replaced with N-methyl glucamine. These results reflect the sodium ion dependence observed for radiolabeled glutamate uptake shown in FIG. 4A. Replacing chloride ion with gluconate ion, on the other hand, had no effect on steady state glutamate induced inward current but was observed to eliminate the outward current (Figure 5B). This result suggested that at least a portion of the glutamate-induced outward current was the result of passive flux of chloride ions, consistent with the behavior of other EAAT subtypes. To further characterize this chloride ion dependence, oocytes were dialyzed in chloride-free media for at least 48 hours prior to voltage clamp experiments performed in the absence of external chloride ion; the results of these assays are shown in FIG. 5C. Dialysis was found to abolish glutamate-elicited current in all ten cells tested, while control oocytes showed the normal steady state current induced by application of 100 μM glutamine to EAAT5-expressing oocytes. In additional experiments, external chloride ion was replaced by nitrate (FIG. 5D): in these experiments, nitrate substantially increased the glutamate-elicited outward current due to the influx of the more permeant nitrate ion as external anion. These results are consistent with the observed behavior of other EAAT subtypes in voltage clamp experiments performed in the presence of 100 μM glutamate and external nitrate ion.

These results demonstrated that the EAAT5 protein of the receptor exhibits biochemical and electrochemical properties of an excitatory amino acid transporter. These results are also consistent with EAAT5 being involved with a glutamate-gated chloride conductance associated with both presynaptic and postsynaptic aspects of the retinal light response. The human EAAT5 protein disclosed herein exhibits the ion-dependence and most of the pharmacological properties of retinal glutamate-related biochemical activities previously observed and unexplained in the art.

EXAMPLE 4 Construction of Fusion Proteins-Recombinant Expression Constructs for Expression of Immunologically-Active Epitopes of Amino Acid Transporters

The EAAT5 amino acid transporter protein of the invention are expressed as fusion proteins in bacteria to produce immunologically-active epitopes. In these experiments, the amino acid transporters cDNAs of the invention are excised from their respective pOTV-containing constructs and subcloned into a pGEX-2T construct (Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) whereby the coding sequences of the amino acid transporter cDNA is translationally in-frame with sequences encoding glutathione-S-transferase (described in Arriza et al., 1992, J. Neurosci 12: 40454055), termed pGST-EAAT5 constructs. After introduction of the pGST-EAAT5 constructs into bacterial cells (E. coli, strain D5a) using conventional techniques (see Sambrook et al, ibid), fusion protein expression is induced with isopropyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside as described (Smith & Johnson, 1988, Gene 67: 31-40) and purified using glutathione-Sepharose 4B (Pharmacia). Antibodies are then raised against the amino acid transporter of the invention by inoculation of rabbits with 300-500 μg of purified fusion protein in Freund's adjuvant (Grand Island Biological C., Grand Island, N.Y.), said inoculation repeated approximately every 4 weeks. Sera are immunoaffinity-purified on columns of Affi-Gel 15 derivatized with purified fusion protein. After salt elution, such antibodies are neutralized, stabilized with bovine serum albumin at a final concentration of 1 mg/mL, dialyzed against PBS and assayed by inmmunoblotting using conventional techniques (Harlow & Lane, 1988, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.).

It should be understood that the foregoing disclosure emphasized certain specific embodiments of the invention and that all modification or alternatives equivalent thereto are within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

18 1680 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA not provided CDS 31..1656 1 AAAGAAGAGA CCCTCCTAGA AAAGTAAAAT ATG ACT AAA AGC AAT GGA GAA GAG 54 Met Thr Lys Ser Asn Gly Glu Glu 1 5 CCC AAG ATG GGG GGC AGG ATG GAG AGA TTC CAG CAG GGA GTC CGT AAA 102 Pro Lys Met Gly Gly Arg Met Glu Arg Phe Gln Gln Gly Val Arg Lys 10 15 20 CGC ACA CTT TTG GCC AAG AAG AAA GTG CAG AAC ATT ACA AAG GAG GTT 150 Arg Thr Leu Leu Ala Lys Lys Lys Val Gln Asn Ile Thr Lys Glu Val 25 30 35 40 GTT AAA AGT TAC CTG TTT CGG AAT GCT TTT GTG CTG CTC ACA GTC ACC 198 Val Lys Ser Tyr Leu Phe Arg Asn Ala Phe Val Leu Leu Thr Val Thr 45 50 55 GCT GTC ATT GTG GGT ACA ATC CTT GGA TTT ACC CTC CGA CCA TAC AGA 246 Ala Val Ile Val Gly Thr Ile Leu Gly Phe Thr Leu Arg Pro Tyr Arg 60 65 70 ATG AGC TAC CGG GAA GTC AAG TAC TTC TCC TTT CCT GGG GAA CTT CTG 294 Met Ser Tyr Arg Glu Val Lys Tyr Phe Ser Phe Pro Gly Glu Leu Leu 75 80 85 ATG AGG ATG TTA CAG ATG CTG GTC TTA CCA CTT ATC ATC TCC AGT CTT 342 Met Arg Met Leu Gln Met Leu Val Leu Pro Leu Ile Ile Ser Ser Leu 90 95 100 GTC ACA GGA ATG GCG GCG CTA GAT AGT AAG GCA TCA GGG AAG TGG GAA 390 Val Thr Gly Met Ala Ala Leu Asp Ser Lys Ala Ser Gly Lys Trp Glu 105 110 115 120 TGC GGA GCT GTA GTC TAT TAT ATG ACT ACC ACC ATC ATT GCT GTG GTG 438 Cys Gly Ala Val Val Tyr Tyr Met Thr Thr Thr Ile Ile Ala Val Val 125 130 135 ATT GGC ATA ATC ATT GTC ATC ATC ATC CAT CCT GGG AAG GGC ACA AAG 486 Ile Gly Ile Ile Ile Val Ile Ile Ile His Pro Gly Lys Gly Thr Lys 140 145 150 GAA AAC ATG CAC AGA GAA GGC AAA ATT GTA CGA GTG ACA GCT GCA GAT 534 Glu Asn Met His Arg Glu Gly Lys Ile Val Arg Val Thr Ala Ala Asp 155 160 165 GCC TTC CTG GAC TTG ATC AGG AAC ATG TTA AAT CCA AAT CTG GTA GAA 582 Ala Phe Leu Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn Met Leu Asn Pro Asn Leu Val Glu 170 175 180 GCC TGC TTT AAA CAG TTT AAA ACC AAC TAT GAG AAG AGA AGC TTT AAA 630 Ala Cys Phe Lys Gln Phe Lys Thr Asn Tyr Glu Lys Arg Ser Phe Lys 185 190 195 200 GTG CCC ATC CAG GCC AAC GAA ACG CTT GTG GGT GCT GTG ATA AAC AAT 678 Val Pro Ile Gln Ala Asn Glu Thr Leu Val Gly Ala Val Ile Asn Asn 205 210 215 GTG TCT GAG GCC ATG GAG ACT CTT ACC CGA ATC ACA GAG GAG CTG GTC 726 Val Ser Glu Ala Met Glu Thr Leu Thr Arg Ile Thr Glu Glu Leu Val 220 225 230 CCA GTT CCA GGA TCT GTG AAT GGA GTC AAT GCC CTG GGT CTA GTT GTC 774 Pro Val Pro Gly Ser Val Asn Gly Val Asn Ala Leu Gly Leu Val Val 235 240 245 TTC TCC ATG TGC TTC GGT TTT GTG ATT GGA AAC ATG AAG GAA CAG GGG 822 Phe Ser Met Cys Phe Gly Phe Val Ile Gly Asn Met Lys Glu Gln Gly 250 255 260 CAG GCC CTG AGA GAG TTC TTT GAT TCT CTT AAC GAA GCC ATC ATG AGA 870 Gln Ala Leu Arg Glu Phe Phe Asp Ser Leu Asn Glu Ala Ile Met Arg 265 270 275 280 CTG GTA GCA GTA ATA ATG TGG TAT GCC CCC GTG GGT ATT CTC TTC CTG 918 Leu Val Ala Val Ile Met Trp Tyr Ala Pro Val Gly Ile Leu Phe Leu 285 290 295 ATT GCT GGG AAG ATT GTG GAG ATG GAA GAC ATG GGT GTG ATT GGG GGG 966 Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Val Glu Met Glu Asp Met Gly Val Ile Gly Gly 300 305 310 CAG CTT GCC ATG TAC ACC GAG ACT GTC ATT GTT GGC TTA CTC ATT CAC 1014 Gln Leu Ala Met Tyr Thr Glu Thr Val Ile Val Gly Leu Leu Ile His 315 320 325 GCA GTC ATC GTC TTG CCA CTC CTC TAC TTC TTG GTA ACA CGG AAA AAC 1062 Ala Val Ile Val Leu Pro Leu Leu Tyr Phe Leu Val Thr Arg Lys Asn 330 335 340 CCT TGG GTT TTT ATT GGA GGG TTG CTG CAA GCA CTC ATC ACC GCT CTG 1110 Pro Trp Val Phe Ile Gly Gly Leu Leu Gln Ala Leu Ile Thr Ala Leu 345 350 355 360 GGG ACC TCT TCA AGT TCT GCC ACC CTA CCC ATC ACC TTC AAG TGC CTG 1158 Gly Thr Ser Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu Pro Ile Thr Phe Lys Cys Leu 365 370 375 GAA GAG AAC AAT GGC GTG GAC AAG CGC GTC ACC AGA TTC GTG CTC CCC 1206 Glu Glu Asn Asn Gly Val Asp Lys Arg Val Thr Arg Phe Val Leu Pro 380 385 390 GTA GGA GCC ACC ATT AAC CTG GAT GGG ACT GCC CTC TAT GAG GCT TTG 1254 Val Gly Ala Thr Ile Asn Leu Asp Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr Glu Ala Leu 395 400 405 GCT GCC ATT TTC ATT GCT CAA GTT AAC AAC TTT GAA CTG AAC TTC GGA 1302 Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Val Asn Asn Phe Glu Leu Asn Phe Gly 410 415 420 CAA ATT ATT ACA ATC AGC ATC ACA GCC ACA GCT GCC AGT ATT GGG GCA 1350 Gln Ile Ile Thr Ile Ser Ile Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Ser Ile Gly Ala 425 430 435 440 GCT GGA ATT CCT CAG GCG GGC CTG GTC ACT ATG GTC ATT GTG CTG ACA 1398 Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met Val Ile Val Leu Thr 445 450 455 TCT GTC GGC CTG CCC ACT GAC GAC ATC ACG CTC ATC ATC GCG GTG GAC 1446 Ser Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Asp Asp Ile Thr Leu Ile Ile Ala Val Asp 460 465 470 TGG TTC TTG GAT CGC CTC CGG ACC ACC ACC AAC GTA CTG GGA GAC TCC 1494 Trp Phe Leu Asp Arg Leu Arg Thr Thr Thr Asn Val Leu Gly Asp Ser 475 480 485 CTG GGA GCT GGG ATT GTG GAG CAC TTG TCA CGA CAT GAA CTG AAG AAC 1542 Leu Gly Ala Gly Ile Val Glu His Leu Ser Arg His Glu Leu Lys Asn 490 495 500 AGA GAT GTT GAA ATG GGT AAC TCA GTG ATT GAA GAG AAT GAA ATG AAG 1590 Arg Asp Val Glu Met Gly Asn Ser Val Ile Glu Glu Asn Glu Met Lys 505 510 515 520 AAA CCA TAT CAA CTG ATT GCA CAG GAC AAT GAA ACT GAG AAA CCC ATC 1638 Lys Pro Tyr Gln Leu Ile Ala Gln Asp Asn Glu Thr Glu Lys Pro Ile 525 530 535 GAC AGT GAA ACC AAG ATG TAGACTAACA TAAAGAAACA CTTT 1680 Asp Ser Glu Thr Lys Met 540 542 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 2 Met Thr Lys Ser Asn Gly Glu Glu Pro Lys Met Gly Gly Arg Met Glu 1 5 10 15 Arg Phe Gln Gln Gly Val Arg Lys Arg Thr Leu Leu Ala Lys Lys Lys 20 25 30 Val Gln Asn Ile Thr Lys Glu Val Val Lys Ser Tyr Leu Phe Arg Asn 35 40 45 Ala Phe Val Leu Leu Thr Val Thr Ala Val Ile Val Gly Thr Ile Leu 50 55 60 Gly Phe Thr Leu Arg Pro Tyr Arg Met Ser Tyr Arg Glu Val Lys Tyr 65 70 75 80 Phe Ser Phe Pro Gly Glu Leu Leu Met Arg Met Leu Gln Met Leu Val 85 90 95 Leu Pro Leu Ile Ile Ser Ser Leu Val Thr Gly Met Ala Ala Leu Asp 100 105 110 Ser Lys Ala Ser Gly Lys Trp Glu Cys Gly Ala Val Val Tyr Tyr Met 115 120 125 Thr Thr Thr Ile Ile Ala Val Val Ile Gly Ile Ile Ile Val Ile Ile 130 135 140 Ile His Pro Gly Lys Gly Thr Lys Glu Asn Met His Arg Glu Gly Lys 145 150 155 160 Ile Val Arg Val Thr Ala Ala Asp Ala Phe Leu Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn 165 170 175 Met Leu Asn Pro Asn Leu Val Glu Ala Cys Phe Lys Gln Phe Lys Thr 180 185 190 Asn Tyr Glu Lys Arg Ser Phe Lys Val Pro Ile Gln Ala Asn Glu Thr 195 200 205 Leu Val Gly Ala Val Ile Asn Asn Val Ser Glu Ala Met Glu Thr Leu 210 215 220 Thr Arg Ile Thr Glu Glu Leu Val Pro Val Pro Gly Ser Val Asn Gly 225 230 235 240 Val Asn Ala Leu Gly Leu Val Val Phe Ser Met Cys Phe Gly Phe Val 245 250 255 Ile Gly Asn Met Lys Glu Gln Gly Gln Ala Leu Arg Glu Phe Phe Asp 260 265 270 Ser Leu Asn Glu Ala Ile Met Arg Leu Val Ala Val Ile Met Trp Tyr 275 280 285 Ala Pro Val Gly Ile Leu Phe Leu Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Val Glu Met 290 295 300 Glu Asp Met Gly Val Ile Gly Gly Gln Leu Ala Met Tyr Thr Glu Thr 305 310 315 320 Val Ile Val Gly Leu Leu Ile His Ala Val Ile Val Leu Pro Leu Leu 325 330 335 Tyr Phe Leu Val Thr Arg Lys Asn Pro Trp Val Phe Ile Gly Gly Leu 340 345 350 Leu Gln Ala Leu Ile Thr Ala Leu Gly Thr Ser Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr 355 360 365 Leu Pro Ile Thr Phe Lys Cys Leu Glu Glu Asn Asn Gly Val Asp Lys 370 375 380 Arg Val Thr Arg Phe Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Ile Asn Leu Asp 385 390 395 400 Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr Glu Ala Leu Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Val 405 410 415 Asn Asn Phe Glu Leu Asn Phe Gly Gln Ile Ile Thr Ile Ser Ile Thr 420 425 430 Ala Thr Ala Ala Ser Ile Gly Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ala Gly Leu 435 440 445 Val Thr Met Val Ile Val Leu Thr Ser Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Asp Asp 450 455 460 Ile Thr Leu Ile Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Phe Leu Asp Arg Leu Arg Thr 465 470 475 480 Thr Thr Asn Val Leu Gly Asp Ser Leu Gly Ala Gly Ile Val Glu His 485 490 495 Leu Ser Arg His Glu Leu Lys Asn Arg Asp Val Glu Met Gly Asn Ser 500 505 510 Val Ile Glu Glu Asn Glu Met Lys Lys Pro Tyr Gln Leu Ile Ala Gln 515 520 525 Asp Asn Glu Thr Glu Lys Pro Ile Asp Ser Glu Thr Lys Met 530 535 540 1800 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA not provided CDS 34..1755 3 GATAGTGCTG AAGAGGAGGG GCGTTCCCAG ACC ATG GCA TCT ACG GAA GGT GCC 54 Met Ala Ser Thr Glu Gly Ala 545 AAC AAT ATG CCC AAG CAG GTG GAA GTG CGA ATG CCA GAC AGT CAT CTT 102 Asn Asn Met Pro Lys Gln Val Glu Val Arg Met Pro Asp Ser His Leu 550 555 560 565 GGC TCA GAG GAA CCC AAG CAC CGG CAC CTG GGC CTG CGC CTG TGT GAC 150 Gly Ser Glu Glu Pro Lys His Arg His Leu Gly Leu Arg Leu Cys Asp 570 575 580 AAG CTG GGG AAG AAT CTG CTG CTC ACC CTG ACG GTG TTT GGT GTC ACT 198 Lys Leu Gly Lys Asn Leu Leu Leu Thr Leu Thr Val Phe Gly Val Thr 585 590 595 CTG GGA GCA GTG TGT GGA GGG CTT CTT CGC TTG GCA TCT CCC ATC CAC 246 Leu Gly Ala Val Cys Gly Gly Leu Leu Arg Leu Ala Ser Pro Ile His 600 605 610 CCT GAT GTG GTT ATG TTA ATA GCC TTC CCA GGG GAT ATA CTC ATG AGG 294 Pro Asp Val Val Met Leu Ile Ala Phe Pro Gly Asp Ile Leu Met Arg 615 620 625 ATG CTA AAA ATG CTC ATT CTG GGT CTA ATC ATC TCC AGC TTA ATC ACA 342 Met Leu Lys Met Leu Ile Leu Gly Leu Ile Ile Ser Ser Leu Ile Thr 630 635 640 645 GGG TTG TCA GGC CTG GAT GCT AAG GCT AGT GGC CGC TTG GGC ACG AGA 390 Gly Leu Ser Gly Leu Asp Ala Lys Ala Ser Gly Arg Leu Gly Thr Arg 650 655 660 GCC ATG GTG TAT TAC ATG TCC ACG ACC ATC ATT GCT GCA GTA CTG GGG 438 Ala Met Val Tyr Tyr Met Ser Thr Thr Ile Ile Ala Ala Val Leu Gly 665 670 675 GTC ATT CTG GTC TTG GCT ATC CAT CCA GGC AAT CCC AAG CTC AAG AAG 486 Val Ile Leu Val Leu Ala Ile His Pro Gly Asn Pro Lys Leu Lys Lys 680 685 690 CAG CTG GGG CCT GGG AAG AAG AAT GAT GAA GTG TCC AGC CTG GAT GCC 534 Gln Leu Gly Pro Gly Lys Lys Asn Asp Glu Val Ser Ser Leu Asp Ala 695 700 705 TTC CTG GAC CTT ATT CGA AAT CTC TTC CCT GAA AAC CTT GTC CAA GCC 582 Phe Leu Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn Leu Phe Pro Glu Asn Leu Val Gln Ala 710 715 720 725 TGC TTT CAA CAG ATT CAA ACA GTG ACG AAG AAA GTC CTG GTT GCA CCA 630 Cys Phe Gln Gln Ile Gln Thr Val Thr Lys Lys Val Leu Val Ala Pro 730 735 740 CCG CCA GAC GAG GAG GCC AAC GCA ACC AGC GCT GAA GTC TCT CTG TTG 678 Pro Pro Asp Glu Glu Ala Asn Ala Thr Ser Ala Glu Val Ser Leu Leu 745 750 755 AAC GAG ACT GTG ACT GAG GTG CCG GAG GAG ACT AAG ATG GTT ATC AAG 726 Asn Glu Thr Val Thr Glu Val Pro Glu Glu Thr Lys Met Val Ile Lys 760 765 770 AAG GGC CTG GAG TTC AAG GAT GGG ATG AAC GTC TTA GGT CTG ATA GGG 774 Lys Gly Leu Glu Phe Lys Asp Gly Met Asn Val Leu Gly Leu Ile Gly 775 780 785 TTT TTC ATT GCT TTT GGC ATC GCT ATG GGG AAG ATG GGA GAT CAG GCC 822 Phe Phe Ile Ala Phe Gly Ile Ala Met Gly Lys Met Gly Asp Gln Ala 790 795 800 805 AAG CTG ATG GTG GAT TTC TTC AAC ATT TTG AAT GAG ATT GTA ATG AAG 870 Lys Leu Met Val Asp Phe Phe Asn Ile Leu Asn Glu Ile Val Met Lys 810 815 820 TTA GTG ATC ATG ATC ATG TGG TAC TCT CCC CTG GGT ATC GCC TGC CTG 918 Leu Val Ile Met Ile Met Trp Tyr Ser Pro Leu Gly Ile Ala Cys Leu 825 830 835 ATC TGT GGA AAG ATC ATT GCA ATC AAG GAC TTA GAA GTG GTT GCT AGG 966 Ile Cys Gly Lys Ile Ile Ala Ile Lys Asp Leu Glu Val Val Ala Arg 840 845 850 CAA CTG GGG ATG TAC ATG GTA ACA GTG ATC ATA GGC CTC ATC ATC CAC 1014 Gln Leu Gly Met Tyr Met Val Thr Val Ile Ile Gly Leu Ile Ile His 855 860 865 GGG GGC ATC TTT CTC CCC TTG ATT TAC TTT GTA GTG ACC AGG AAA AAC 1062 Gly Gly Ile Phe Leu Pro Leu Ile Tyr Phe Val Val Thr Arg Lys Asn 870 875 880 885 CCC TTC TCC CTT TTT GCT GGC ATT TTC CAA GCT TGG ATC ACT GCC CTG 1110 Pro Phe Ser Leu Phe Ala Gly Ile Phe Gln Ala Trp Ile Thr Ala Leu 890 895 900 GGC ACC GCT TCC AGT GCT GGA ACT TTG CCT GTC ACC TTT CGT TGC CTG 1158 Gly Thr Ala Ser Ser Ala Gly Thr Leu Pro Val Thr Phe Arg Cys Leu 905 910 915 GAA GAA AAT CTG GGG ATT GAT AAG CGT GTG ACT AGA TTC GTC CTT CCT 1206 Glu Glu Asn Leu Gly Ile Asp Lys Arg Val Thr Arg Phe Val Leu Pro 920 925 930 GTT GGA GCA ACC ATT AAC ATG GAT GGT ACA GCC CTT TAT GAA GCG GTG 1254 Val Gly Ala Thr Ile Asn Met Asp Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr Glu Ala Val 935 940 945 GCC GCC ATC TTT ATA GCC CAA ATG AAT GGT GTT GTC CTG GAT GGA GGA 1302 Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Met Asn Gly Val Val Leu Asp Gly Gly 950 955 960 965 CAG ATT GTG ACT GTA AGC CTC ACA GCC ACC CTG GCA AGC GTC GGC GCG 1350 Gln Ile Val Thr Val Ser Leu Thr Ala Thr Leu Ala Ser Val Gly Ala 970 975 980 GCC AGT ATC CCC AGT GCC GGG CTG GTC ACC ATG CTC CTC ATT CTG ACA 1398 Ala Ser Ile Pro Ser Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met Leu Leu Ile Leu Thr 985 990 995 GCC GTG GGC CTG CCA ACA GAG GAC ATC AGC TTG CTG GTG GCT GTG GAC 1446 Ala Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Glu Asp Ile Ser Leu Leu Val Ala Val Asp 1000 1005 1010 TGG CTG CTG GAC AGG ATG AGA ACT TCA GTC AAT GTT GTG GGT GAC TCT 1494 Trp Leu Leu Asp Arg Met Arg Thr Ser Val Asn Val Val Gly Asp Ser 1015 1020 1025 TTT GGG GCT GGG ATA GTC TAT CAC CTC TCC AAG TCT GAG CTG GAT ACC 1542 Phe Gly Ala Gly Ile Val Tyr His Leu Ser Lys Ser Glu Leu Asp Thr 1030 1035 1040 1045 ATT GAC TCC CAG CAT CGA GTG CAT GAA GAT ATT GAA ATG ACC AAG ACT 1590 Ile Asp Ser Gln His Arg Val His Glu Asp Ile Glu Met Thr Lys Thr 1050 1055 1060 CAA TCC ATT TAT GAT GAC ATG AAG AAC CAC AGG GAA AGC AAC TCT AAT 1638 Gln Ser Ile Tyr Asp Asp Met Lys Asn His Arg Glu Ser Asn Ser Asn 1065 1070 1075 CAA TGT GTC TAT GCT GCA CAC AAC TCT GTC ATA GTA GAT GAA TGC AAG 1686 Gln Cys Val Tyr Ala Ala His Asn Ser Val Ile Val Asp Glu Cys Lys 1080 1085 1090 GTA ACT CTG GCA GCC AAT GGA AAG TCA GCC GAC TGC AGT GTT GAG GAA 1734 Val Thr Leu Ala Ala Asn Gly Lys Ser Ala Asp Cys Ser Val Glu Glu 1095 1100 1105 GAA CCT TGG AAA CGT GAG AAA TAAGGATATG AGTCTCAGCA AATTCTTGAA 1785 Glu Pro Trp Lys Arg Glu Lys 1110 1115 TAAACTCCCC AGCGT 1800 574 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 4 Met Ala Ser Thr Glu Gly Ala Asn Asn Met Pro Lys Gln Val Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Arg Met Pro Asp Ser His Leu Gly Ser Glu Glu Pro Lys His Arg His 20 25 30 Leu Gly Leu Arg Leu Cys Asp Lys Leu Gly Lys Asn Leu Leu Leu Thr 35 40 45 Leu Thr Val Phe Gly Val Thr Leu Gly Ala Val Cys Gly Gly Leu Leu 50 55 60 Arg Leu Ala Ser Pro Ile His Pro Asp Val Val Met Leu Ile Ala Phe 65 70 75 80 Pro Gly Asp Ile Leu Met Arg Met Leu Lys Met Leu Ile Leu Gly Leu 85 90 95 Ile Ile Ser Ser Leu Ile Thr Gly Leu Ser Gly Leu Asp Ala Lys Ala 100 105 110 Ser Gly Arg Leu Gly Thr Arg Ala Met Val Tyr Tyr Met Ser Thr Thr 115 120 125 Ile Ile Ala Ala Val Leu Gly Val Ile Leu Val Leu Ala Ile His Pro 130 135 140 Gly Asn Pro Lys Leu Lys Lys Gln Leu Gly Pro Gly Lys Lys Asn Asp 145 150 155 160 Glu Val Ser Ser Leu Asp Ala Phe Leu Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn Leu Phe 165 170 175 Pro Glu Asn Leu Val Gln Ala Cys Phe Gln Gln Ile Gln Thr Val Thr 180 185 190 Lys Lys Val Leu Val Ala Pro Pro Pro Asp Glu Glu Ala Asn Ala Thr 195 200 205 Ser Ala Glu Val Ser Leu Leu Asn Glu Thr Val Thr Glu Val Pro Glu 210 215 220 Glu Thr Lys Met Val Ile Lys Lys Gly Leu Glu Phe Lys Asp Gly Met 225 230 235 240 Asn Val Leu Gly Leu Ile Gly Phe Phe Ile Ala Phe Gly Ile Ala Met 245 250 255 Gly Lys Met Gly Asp Gln Ala Lys Leu Met Val Asp Phe Phe Asn Ile 260 265 270 Leu Asn Glu Ile Val Met Lys Leu Val Ile Met Ile Met Trp Tyr Ser 275 280 285 Pro Leu Gly Ile Ala Cys Leu Ile Cys Gly Lys Ile Ile Ala Ile Lys 290 295 300 Asp Leu Glu Val Val Ala Arg Gln Leu Gly Met Tyr Met Val Thr Val 305 310 315 320 Ile Ile Gly Leu Ile Ile His Gly Gly Ile Phe Leu Pro Leu Ile Tyr 325 330 335 Phe Val Val Thr Arg Lys Asn Pro Phe Ser Leu Phe Ala Gly Ile Phe 340 345 350 Gln Ala Trp Ile Thr Ala Leu Gly Thr Ala Ser Ser Ala Gly Thr Leu 355 360 365 Pro Val Thr Phe Arg Cys Leu Glu Glu Asn Leu Gly Ile Asp Lys Arg 370 375 380 Val Thr Arg Phe Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Ile Asn Met Asp Gly 385 390 395 400 Thr Ala Leu Tyr Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Met Asn 405 410 415 Gly Val Val Leu Asp Gly Gly Gln Ile Val Thr Val Ser Leu Thr Ala 420 425 430 Thr Leu Ala Ser Val Gly Ala Ala Ser Ile Pro Ser Ala Gly Leu Val 435 440 445 Thr Met Leu Leu Ile Leu Thr Ala Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Glu Asp Ile 450 455 460 Ser Leu Leu Val Ala Val Asp Trp Leu Leu Asp Arg Met Arg Thr Ser 465 470 475 480 Val Asn Val Val Gly Asp Ser Phe Gly Ala Gly Ile Val Tyr His Leu 485 490 495 Ser Lys Ser Glu Leu Asp Thr Ile Asp Ser Gln His Arg Val His Glu 500 505 510 Asp Ile Glu Met Thr Lys Thr Gln Ser Ile Tyr Asp Asp Met Lys Asn 515 520 525 His Arg Glu Ser Asn Ser Asn Gln Cys Val Tyr Ala Ala His Asn Ser 530 535 540 Val Ile Val Asp Glu Cys Lys Val Thr Leu Ala Ala Asn Gly Lys Ser 545 550 555 560 Ala Asp Cys Ser Val Glu Glu Glu Pro Trp Lys Arg Glu Lys 565 570 1674 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA not provided CDS 16..1590 5 ATAGCGGCGA CAGCC ATG GGG AAA CCG GCG AGG AAA GGA TGC CCG AGT TGG 51 Met Gly Lys Pro Ala Arg Lys Gly Cys Pro Ser Trp 575 580 585 AAG CGC TTC CTG AAG AAT AAC TGG GTG TTG CTG TCC ACC GTG GCC GCG 99 Lys Arg Phe Leu Lys Asn Asn Trp Val Leu Leu Ser Thr Val Ala Ala 590 595 600 GTG GTG CTA GGC ATT ACC ACA GGA GTC TTG GTT CGA GAA CAC AGC AAC 147 Val Val Leu Gly Ile Thr Thr Gly Val Leu Val Arg Glu His Ser Asn 605 610 615 CTC TCA ACT CTA GAG AAA TTC TAC TTT GCT TTT CCT GGA GAA ATT CTA 195 Leu Ser Thr Leu Glu Lys Phe Tyr Phe Ala Phe Pro Gly Glu Ile Leu 620 625 630 ATG CGG ATG CTG AAA CTC ATC ATT TTG CCA TTA ATT ATA TCC AGC ATG 243 Met Arg Met Leu Lys Leu Ile Ile Leu Pro Leu Ile Ile Ser Ser Met 635 640 645 650 ATT ACA GGT GTT GCT GCA CTG GAT TCC AAC GTA TCC GGA AAA ATT GGT 291 Ile Thr Gly Val Ala Ala Leu Asp Ser Asn Val Ser Gly Lys Ile Gly 655 660 665 CTG CGC GCT GTC GTG TAT TAT TTC TGT ACC ACT CTC ATT GCT GTT ATT 339 Leu Arg Ala Val Val Tyr Tyr Phe Cys Thr Thr Leu Ile Ala Val Ile 670 675 680 CTA GGT ATT GTG CTG GTG GTG AGC ATC AAG CCT GGT GTC ACC CAG AAA 387 Leu Gly Ile Val Leu Val Val Ser Ile Lys Pro Gly Val Thr Gln Lys 685 690 695 GTG GGT GAA ATT GCG AGG ACA GGC AGC ACC CCT GAA GTC AGT ACG GTG 435 Val Gly Glu Ile Ala Arg Thr Gly Ser Thr Pro Glu Val Ser Thr Val 700 705 710 GAT GCC ATG TTA GAT CTC ATC AGG AAT ATG TTC CCT GAG AAT CTT GTC 483 Asp Ala Met Leu Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn Met Phe Pro Glu Asn Leu Val 715 720 725 730 CAG GCC TGT TTT CAG CAG TAC AAA ACT AAG CGT GAA GAA GTG AAG CCT 531 Gln Ala Cys Phe Gln Gln Tyr Lys Thr Lys Arg Glu Glu Val Lys Pro 735 740 745 CCC AGC GAT CCA GAG ATG AAC ATG ACA GAA GAG TCC TTC ACA GCT GTC 579 Pro Ser Asp Pro Glu Met Asn Met Thr Glu Glu Ser Phe Thr Ala Val 750 755 760 ATG ACA ACT GCA ATT TCC AAG AAC AAA ACA AAG GAA TAC AAA ATT GTT 627 Met Thr Thr Ala Ile Ser Lys Asn Lys Thr Lys Glu Tyr Lys Ile Val 765 770 775 GGC ATG TAT TCA GAT GGC ATA AAC GTC CTG GGC TTG ATT GTC TTT TGC 675 Gly Met Tyr Ser Asp Gly Ile Asn Val Leu Gly Leu Ile Val Phe Cys 780 785 790 CTT GTC TTT GGA CTT GTC ATT GGA AAA ATG GGA GAA AAG GGA CAA ATT 723 Leu Val Phe Gly Leu Val Ile Gly Lys Met Gly Glu Lys Gly Gln Ile 795 800 805 810 CTG GTG GAT TTC TTC AAT GCT TTG AGT GAT GCA ACC ATG AAA ATC GTT 771 Leu Val Asp Phe Phe Asn Ala Leu Ser Asp Ala Thr Met Lys Ile Val 815 820 825 CAG ATC ATC ATG TGT TAT ATG CCA CTA GGT ATT TTG TTC CTG ATT GCT 819 Gln Ile Ile Met Cys Tyr Met Pro Leu Gly Ile Leu Phe Leu Ile Ala 830 835 840 GGG AAG ATC ATA GAA GTT GAA GAC TGG GAA ATA TTC CGC AAG CTG GGC 867 Gly Lys Ile Ile Glu Val Glu Asp Trp Glu Ile Phe Arg Lys Leu Gly 845 850 855 CTT TAC ATG GCC ACA GTC CTG ACT GGG CTT GCA ATC CAC TCC ATT GTA 915 Leu Tyr Met Ala Thr Val Leu Thr Gly Leu Ala Ile His Ser Ile Val 860 865 870 ATT CTC CCG CTG ATA TAT TTC ATA GTC GTA CGA AAG AAC CCT TTC CGA 963 Ile Leu Pro Leu Ile Tyr Phe Ile Val Val Arg Lys Asn Pro Phe Arg 875 880 885 890 TTT GCC ATG GGA ATG GCC CAG GCT CTC CTG ACA GCT CTC ATG ATC TCT 1011 Phe Ala Met Gly Met Ala Gln Ala Leu Leu Thr Ala Leu Met Ile Ser 895 900 905 TCC AGT TCA GCA ACA CTG CCT GTC ACC TTC CGC TGT GCT GAA GAA AAT 1059 Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu Pro Val Thr Phe Arg Cys Ala Glu Glu Asn 910 915 920 AAC CAG GTG GAC AAG AGG ATC ACT CGA TTC GTG TTA CCC GTT GGT GCA 1107 Asn Gln Val Asp Lys Arg Ile Thr Arg Phe Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala 925 930 935 ACA ATC AAC ATG GAT GGG ACC GCG CTC TAT GAA GCA GTG GCA GCG GTG 1155 Thr Ile Asn Met Asp Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Val 940 945 950 TTT ATT GCA CAG TTG AAT GAC CTG GAC TTG GGC ATT GGG CAG ATC ATC 1203 Phe Ile Ala Gln Leu Asn Asp Leu Asp Leu Gly Ile Gly Gln Ile Ile 955 960 965 970 ACC ATC AGT ATC ACG GCC ACA TCT GCC AGC ATC GGA GCT GCT GGC GTG 1251 Thr Ile Ser Ile Thr Ala Thr Ser Ala Ser Ile Gly Ala Ala Gly Val 975 980 985 CCC CAG GCT GGC CTG GTG ACC ATG GTG ATT GTG CTG AGT GCC GTG GGC 1299 Pro Gln Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met Val Ile Val Leu Ser Ala Val Gly 990 995 1000 CTG CCC GCC GAG GAT GTC ACC CTG ATC ATT GCT GTC GAC TGG CTC TCG 1347 Leu Pro Ala Glu Asp Val Thr Leu Ile Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Leu Ser 1005 1010 1015 GAC CGG TTC AGG ACC ATG GTC AAC GTC CTT GGT GAT GCT TTT GGG ACG 1395 Asp Arg Phe Arg Thr Met Val Asn Val Leu Gly Asp Ala Phe Gly Thr 1020 1025 1030 GGC ATT GTG GAA AAG CTC TCC AAG AAG GAG CTG GAG CAG ATG GAT GTT 1443 Gly Ile Val Glu Lys Leu Ser Lys Lys Glu Leu Glu Gln Met Asp Val 1035 1040 1045 1050 TCA TCT GAA GTC AAC ATT GTG AAT CCC TTT GCC TTG GAA TCC ACA ATC 1491 Ser Ser Glu Val Asn Ile Val Asn Pro Phe Ala Leu Glu Ser Thr Ile 1055 1060 1065 CTT GAC AAC GAA GAC TCA GAC ACC AAG AAG TCT TAT GTC AAT GGA GGC 1539 Leu Asp Asn Glu Asp Ser Asp Thr Lys Lys Ser Tyr Val Asn Gly Gly 1070 1075 1080 TTT GCA GTA GAC AAG TCT GAC ACC ATC TCA TTC ACC CAG ACC TCA CAG 1587 Phe Ala Val Asp Lys Ser Asp Thr Ile Ser Phe Thr Gln Thr Ser Gln 1085 1090 1095 TTC TAGGGCCCCT GGCTGCAGAT GACTGGAAAC AAGGAAGGAC ATTTCGTGAG 1640 Phe AGTCATCTCA AACACGGCTT AAGGAAAAGA GAAA 1674 525 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 6 Met Gly Lys Pro Ala Arg Lys Gly Cys Pro Ser Trp Lys Arg Phe Leu 1 5 10 15 Lys Asn Asn Trp Val Leu Leu Ser Thr Val Ala Ala Val Val Leu Gly 20 25 30 Ile Thr Thr Gly Val Leu Val Arg Glu His Ser Asn Leu Ser Thr Leu 35 40 45 Glu Lys Phe Tyr Phe Ala Phe Pro Gly Glu Ile Leu Met Arg Met Leu 50 55 60 Lys Leu Ile Ile Leu Pro Leu Ile Ile Ser Ser Met Ile Thr Gly Val 65 70 75 80 Ala Ala Leu Asp Ser Asn Val Ser Gly Lys Ile Gly Leu Arg Ala Val 85 90 95 Val Tyr Tyr Phe Cys Thr Thr Leu Ile Ala Val Ile Leu Gly Ile Val 100 105 110 Leu Val Val Ser Ile Lys Pro Gly Val Thr Gln Lys Val Gly Glu Ile 115 120 125 Ala Arg Thr Gly Ser Thr Pro Glu Val Ser Thr Val Asp Ala Met Leu 130 135 140 Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn Met Phe Pro Glu Asn Leu Val Gln Ala Cys Phe 145 150 155 160 Gln Gln Tyr Lys Thr Lys Arg Glu Glu Val Lys Pro Pro Ser Asp Pro 165 170 175 Glu Met Asn Met Thr Glu Glu Ser Phe Thr Ala Val Met Thr Thr Ala 180 185 190 Ile Ser Lys Asn Lys Thr Lys Glu Tyr Lys Ile Val Gly Met Tyr Ser 195 200 205 Asp Gly Ile Asn Val Leu Gly Leu Ile Val Phe Cys Leu Val Phe Gly 210 215 220 Leu Val Ile Gly Lys Met Gly Glu Lys Gly Gln Ile Leu Val Asp Phe 225 230 235 240 Phe Asn Ala Leu Ser Asp Ala Thr Met Lys Ile Val Gln Ile Ile Met 245 250 255 Cys Tyr Met Pro Leu Gly Ile Leu Phe Leu Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Ile 260 265 270 Glu Val Glu Asp Trp Glu Ile Phe Arg Lys Leu Gly Leu Tyr Met Ala 275 280 285 Thr Val Leu Thr Gly Leu Ala Ile His Ser Ile Val Ile Leu Pro Leu 290 295 300 Ile Tyr Phe Ile Val Val Arg Lys Asn Pro Phe Arg Phe Ala Met Gly 305 310 315 320 Met Ala Gln Ala Leu Leu Thr Ala Leu Met Ile Ser Ser Ser Ser Ala 325 330 335 Thr Leu Pro Val Thr Phe Arg Cys Ala Glu Glu Asn Asn Gln Val Asp 340 345 350 Lys Arg Ile Thr Arg Phe Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Ile Asn Met 355 360 365 Asp Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Val Phe Ile Ala Gln 370 375 380 Leu Asn Asp Leu Asp Leu Gly Ile Gly Gln Ile Ile Thr Ile Ser Ile 385 390 395 400 Thr Ala Thr Ser Ala Ser Ile Gly Ala Ala Gly Val Pro Gln Ala Gly 405 410 415 Leu Val Thr Met Val Ile Val Leu Ser Ala Val Gly Leu Pro Ala Glu 420 425 430 Asp Val Thr Leu Ile Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Leu Ser Asp Arg Phe Arg 435 440 445 Thr Met Val Asn Val Leu Gly Asp Ala Phe Gly Thr Gly Ile Val Glu 450 455 460 Lys Leu Ser Lys Lys Glu Leu Glu Gln Met Asp Val Ser Ser Glu Val 465 470 475 480 Asn Ile Val Asn Pro Phe Ala Leu Glu Ser Thr Ile Leu Asp Asn Glu 485 490 495 Asp Ser Asp Thr Lys Lys Ser Tyr Val Asn Gly Gly Phe Ala Val Asp 500 505 510 Lys Ser Asp Thr Ile Ser Phe Thr Gln Thr Ser Gln Phe 515 520 525 1734 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA not provided CDS 9..1700 7 GATAGACC ATG AGC AGC CAT GGC AAC AGC CTG TTC CTT CGG GAG AGC GGC 50 Met Ser Ser His Gly Asn Ser Leu Phe Leu Arg Glu Ser Gly 1 5 10 CAG CGG CTG GGC CGG GTG GGC TGG CTG CAG CGG CTG CAG GAA AGC CTG 98 Gln Arg Leu Gly Arg Val Gly Trp Leu Gln Arg Leu Gln Glu Ser Leu 15 20 25 30 CAG CAG AGA GCA CTG CGC ACG CGC CTG CGC CTG CAG ACC ATG ACC CTC 146 Gln Gln Arg Ala Leu Arg Thr Arg Leu Arg Leu Gln Thr Met Thr Leu 35 40 45 GAG CAC GTG CTG CGC TTC CTG CGC CGA AAC GCC TTC ATT CTG CTG ACG 194 Glu His Val Leu Arg Phe Leu Arg Arg Asn Ala Phe Ile Leu Leu Thr 50 55 60 GTC AGC GCC GTG GTC ATT GGG GTC AGC CTG GCC TTT GCC CTG CGC CCA 242 Val Ser Ala Val Val Ile Gly Val Ser Leu Ala Phe Ala Leu Arg Pro 65 70 75 TAT CAG CTC ACC TAC CGC CAG ATC AAG TAC TTC TCT TTT CCT GGA GAG 290 Tyr Gln Leu Thr Tyr Arg Gln Ile Lys Tyr Phe Ser Phe Pro Gly Glu 80 85 90 CTT CTG ATG AGG ATG CTG CAG ATG CTG GTG TTA CCT CTC ATT GTC TCC 338 Leu Leu Met Arg Met Leu Gln Met Leu Val Leu Pro Leu Ile Val Ser 95 100 105 110 AGC CTG GTC ACA GGT ATG GCA TCC CTG GAC AAC AAG GCC ACG GGG CGG 386 Ser Leu Val Thr Gly Met Ala Ser Leu Asp Asn Lys Ala Thr Gly Arg 115 120 125 ATG GGG ATG CGG GCA GCT GTG TAC TAC CTG GTG ACC ACC ATC ATC GCG 434 Met Gly Met Arg Ala Ala Val Tyr Tyr Leu Val Thr Thr Ile Ile Ala 130 135 140 GTC TTC ATC GGC ATC CTC ATG GTC ACC ATC ATC CAT CCC GGG AAG GGC 482 Val Phe Ile Gly Ile Leu Met Val Thr Ile Ile His Pro Gly Lys Gly 145 150 155 TCC AAG GAG GGG CTG CAC CGG GAG GGC CGG ATC GAG ACC ATC CCC ACA 530 Ser Lys Glu Gly Leu His Arg Glu Gly Arg Ile Glu Thr Ile Pro Thr 160 165 170 GCT GAT GCC TTC ATG GAC CTG ATC AGA AAT ATG TTT CCA CCA AAC CTT 578 Ala Asp Ala Phe Met Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn Met Phe Pro Pro Asn Leu 175 180 185 190 GTG GAG GCC TGC TTC AAA CAG TTG AAG ACG CAG TAC AGC ACG AGG GTG 626 Val Glu Ala Cys Phe Lys Gln Leu Lys Thr Gln Tyr Ser Thr Arg Val 195 200 205 GTA ACC AGG ACC ATG GTG AGG ACA GAG AAC GGG TCT GAG CCG GGT GCC 674 Val Thr Arg Thr Met Val Arg Thr Glu Asn Gly Ser Glu Pro Gly Ala 210 215 220 TCC ATG CCT CCT CCA TTC TCA GTG GAG AAC GGA ACC AGC TTC CTG GAA 722 Ser Met Pro Pro Pro Phe Ser Val Glu Asn Gly Thr Ser Phe Leu Glu 225 230 235 AAT GTC ACT CGG GCC TTG GGT ACC CTG CAG GAG ATG CTG AGC TTT GAG 770 Asn Val Thr Arg Ala Leu Gly Thr Leu Gln Glu Met Leu Ser Phe Glu 240 245 250 GAG ACT GTA CCC GTG CCT GGC TCC GCC AAT GGC ATC AAC GCC CTG GGC 818 Glu Thr Val Pro Val Pro Gly Ser Ala Asn Gly Ile Asn Ala Leu Gly 255 260 265 270 CTC GTG GTC TTC TCT GTG GCC TTT GGG CTG GTC ATT GGT GGC ATG AAA 866 Leu Val Val Phe Ser Val Ala Phe Gly Leu Val Ile Gly Gly Met Lys 275 280 285 CAC AAG GGC AGA GTC CTC AGG GAC TTC TTC GAC AGC CTC AAT GAG GCT 914 His Lys Gly Arg Val Leu Arg Asp Phe Phe Asp Ser Leu Asn Glu Ala 290 295 300 ATT ATG AGG CTG GTG GGC ATC ATT ATC TGG TAT GCA CCT GTG GGC ATC 962 Ile Met Arg Leu Val Gly Ile Ile Ile Trp Tyr Ala Pro Val Gly Ile 305 310 315 CTG TTC CTG ATT GCT GGG AAG ATT CTG GAG ATG GAA GAC ATG GCC GTC 1010 Leu Phe Leu Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Leu Glu Met Glu Asp Met Ala Val 320 325 330 CTG GGG GGT CAG CTG GGC ATG TAC ACC CTG ACC GTC ATC GTG GGC CTG 1058 Leu Gly Gly Gln Leu Gly Met Tyr Thr Leu Thr Val Ile Val Gly Leu 335 340 345 350 TTC CTC CAT GCC GGC ATT GTC CTT CCC CTC ATC TAC TTC CTC GTC ACT 1106 Phe Leu His Ala Gly Ile Val Leu Pro Leu Ile Tyr Phe Leu Val Thr 355 360 365 CAC CGG AAC CCC TTC CCC TTC ATT GGG GGC ATG CTA CAA GCC CTC ATC 1154 His Arg Asn Pro Phe Pro Phe Ile Gly Gly Met Leu Gln Ala Leu Ile 370 375 380 ACC GCT ATG GGC ACG TCT TCC AGC TCG GCA ACG CTG CCC ATC ACC TTC 1202 Thr Ala Met Gly Thr Ser Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu Pro Ile Thr Phe 385 390 395 CGC TGC CTG GAG GAG GGC CTG GGT GTG GAC CGC CGC ATC ACC AGG TTC 1250 Arg Cys Leu Glu Glu Gly Leu Gly Val Asp Arg Arg Ile Thr Arg Phe 400 405 410 GTC CTG CCC GTG GGC GCC ACG GTC AAC ATG GAT GGC ACT GCC CTC TAC 1298 Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Val Asn Met Asp Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr 415 420 425 430 GAG GCC CTG GCT GCC ATC TTC ATT GCT CAA GTT AAC AAC TAC GAG CTC 1346 Glu Ala Leu Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Val Asn Asn Tyr Glu Leu 435 440 445 AAC CTG GGT CAG ATC ACA ACC ATC AGC ATC ACG GCC ACA GCA GCC AGT 1394 Asn Leu Gly Gln Ile Thr Thr Ile Ser Ile Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Ser 450 455 460 GTT GGG GCT GCT GGC ATC CCC CAG GCG GGT CTG GTC ACC ATG GTC ATT 1442 Val Gly Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met Val Ile 465 470 475 GTG CTT ACG TCG GTC GGC TTG CCC ACG GAA GAC ATC ACG CTC ATC ATC 1490 Val Leu Thr Ser Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Glu Asp Ile Thr Leu Ile Ile 480 485 490 GCC GTG GAC TGG TTC CTT GAC CGG CTT CGC ACA ATG ACC AAC GTA CTG 1538 Ala Val Asp Trp Phe Leu Asp Arg Leu Arg Thr Met Thr Asn Val Leu 495 500 505 510 GGC CAC TCA ATT GGA GCG GCC GTC ATC GAG CAC TTG TCT CAG CGG GAG 1586 Gly His Ser Ile Gly Ala Ala Val Ile Glu His Leu Ser Gln Arg Glu 515 520 525 CTG GAG CTT CAG GAA GCT GAG CTT ACC CTC CCC AGC CTG GGG AAA CCC 1634 Leu Glu Leu Gln Glu Ala Glu Leu Thr Leu Pro Ser Leu Gly Lys Pro 530 535 540 TAC AAG TCC CTC ATG GCA CAG GAG AAG GGG GCA TCC CGG GGA CGG GGA 1682 Tyr Lys Ser Leu Met Ala Gln Glu Lys Gly Ala Ser Arg Gly Arg Gly 545 550 555 GGC AAC GAG AGT GCT ATG TGAGGGGCCT CCAGCTCTGC CCCCCCAGAG AGGA 1734 Gly Asn Glu Ser Ala Met 560 564 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 8 Met Ser Ser His Gly Asn Ser Leu Phe Leu Arg Glu Ser Gly Gln Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Arg Val Gly Trp Leu Gln Arg Leu Gln Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln 20 25 30 Arg Ala Leu Arg Thr Arg Leu Arg Leu Gln Thr Met Thr Leu Glu His 35 40 45 Val Leu Arg Phe Leu Arg Arg Asn Ala Phe Ile Leu Leu Thr Val Ser 50 55 60 Ala Val Val Ile Gly Val Ser Leu Ala Phe Ala Leu Arg Pro Tyr Gln 65 70 75 80 Leu Thr Tyr Arg Gln Ile Lys Tyr Phe Ser Phe Pro Gly Glu Leu Leu 85 90 95 Met Arg Met Leu Gln Met Leu Val Leu Pro Leu Ile Val Ser Ser Leu 100 105 110 Val Thr Gly Met Ala Ser Leu Asp Asn Lys Ala Thr Gly Arg Met Gly 115 120 125 Met Arg Ala Ala Val Tyr Tyr Leu Val Thr Thr Ile Ile Ala Val Phe 130 135 140 Ile Gly Ile Leu Met Val Thr Ile Ile His Pro Gly Lys Gly Ser Lys 145 150 155 160 Glu Gly Leu His Arg Glu Gly Arg Ile Glu Thr Ile Pro Thr Ala Asp 165 170 175 Ala Phe Met Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn Met Phe Pro Pro Asn Leu Val Glu 180 185 190 Ala Cys Phe Lys Gln Leu Lys Thr Gln Tyr Ser Thr Arg Val Val Thr 195 200 205 Arg Thr Met Val Arg Thr Glu Asn Gly Ser Glu Pro Gly Ala Ser Met 210 215 220 Pro Pro Pro Phe Ser Val Glu Asn Gly Thr Ser Phe Leu Glu Asn Val 225 230 235 240 Thr Arg Ala Leu Gly Thr Leu Gln Glu Met Leu Ser Phe Glu Glu Thr 245 250 255 Val Pro Val Pro Gly Ser Ala Asn Gly Ile Asn Ala Leu Gly Leu Val 260 265 270 Val Phe Ser Val Ala Phe Gly Leu Val Ile Gly Gly Met Lys His Lys 275 280 285 Gly Arg Val Leu Arg Asp Phe Phe Asp Ser Leu Asn Glu Ala Ile Met 290 295 300 Arg Leu Val Gly Ile Ile Ile Trp Tyr Ala Pro Val Gly Ile Leu Phe 305 310 315 320 Leu Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Leu Glu Met Glu Asp Met Ala Val Leu Gly 325 330 335 Gly Gln Leu Gly Met Tyr Thr Leu Thr Val Ile Val Gly Leu Phe Leu 340 345 350 His Ala Gly Ile Val Leu Pro Leu Ile Tyr Phe Leu Val Thr His Arg 355 360 365 Asn Pro Phe Pro Phe Ile Gly Gly Met Leu Gln Ala Leu Ile Thr Ala 370 375 380 Met Gly Thr Ser Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu Pro Ile Thr Phe Arg Cys 385 390 395 400 Leu Glu Glu Gly Leu Gly Val Asp Arg Arg Ile Thr Arg Phe Val Leu 405 410 415 Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Val Asn Met Asp Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr Glu Ala 420 425 430 Leu Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Val Asn Asn Tyr Glu Leu Asn Leu 435 440 445 Gly Gln Ile Thr Thr Ile Ser Ile Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Ser Val Gly 450 455 460 Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met Val Ile Val Leu 465 470 475 480 Thr Ser Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Glu Asp Ile Thr Leu Ile Ile Ala Val 485 490 495 Asp Trp Phe Leu Asp Arg Leu Arg Thr Met Thr Asn Val Leu Gly His 500 505 510 Ser Ile Gly Ala Ala Val Ile Glu His Leu Ser Gln Arg Glu Leu Glu 515 520 525 Leu Gln Glu Ala Glu Leu Thr Leu Pro Ser Leu Gly Lys Pro Tyr Lys 530 535 540 Ser Leu Met Ala Gln Glu Lys Gly Ala Ser Arg Gly Arg Gly Gly Asn 545 550 555 560 Glu Ser Ala Met 2194 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA not provided CDS 189..1868 9 GAATTCCCCG TGTGGCCGCC TTAGAGGGAA GCCACACGGG CATGGCCGTG GGGCTGGCGA 60 CTGGTGTTTA GCAATCCCGA CCACCTGCCT GCTGAGGGGC TAGAGCCCTC AGCCCAGACC 120 CTGTGCCCCC GGCCGGGCTC TCATGCGTGG AATGGTGCTG TGCCCCTTGC CAGCAGGCCA 180 GGCTCACC ATG GTG CCG CAT ACC ATC TTG GCA CGG GGG AGG GAC GTG TGC 230 Met Val Pro His Thr Ile Leu Ala Arg Gly Arg Asp Val Cys 565 570 575 AGG CGG AAT GGA CTC CTC ATC CTG TCT GTG CTG TCT GTC ATC GTG GGC 278 Arg Arg Asn Gly Leu Leu Ile Leu Ser Val Leu Ser Val Ile Val Gly 580 585 590 TGC CTC CTC GGC TTC TTC TTG AGG ACC CGG CGC CTC TCA CCA CAG GAA 326 Cys Leu Leu Gly Phe Phe Leu Arg Thr Arg Arg Leu Ser Pro Gln Glu 595 600 605 610 ATT AGT TAC TTC CAG TTC CCC GGA GAG CTC CTG ATG AGG ATG CTG AAG 374 Ile Ser Tyr Phe Gln Phe Pro Gly Glu Leu Leu Met Arg Met Leu Lys 615 620 625 ATG ATG ATC CTG CCA CTG GTG TTC TCC AGC TTG ATG TCC GGA CTT GCC 422 Met Met Ile Leu Pro Leu Val Phe Ser Ser Leu Met Ser Gly Leu Ala 630 635 640 TCC CTG GAT GCC AAG ACC TCT AGC CGC CTG GGC GTC CTC ACC GTG GCG 470 Ser Leu Asp Ala Lys Thr Ser Ser Arg Leu Gly Val Leu Thr Val Ala 645 650 655 TAC TAC CTG TGG ACC ACC TTC ATG GCT GTC ATC GTG GGC ATC TTC ATG 518 Tyr Tyr Leu Trp Thr Thr Phe Met Ala Val Ile Val Gly Ile Phe Met 660 665 670 GTC TCC ATC ATC CAC CCA GGC AGC GCG GCC CAG AAG GAG ACC ACG GAG 566 Val Ser Ile Ile His Pro Gly Ser Ala Ala Gln Lys Glu Thr Thr Glu 675 680 685 690 CAG AGT GGG AAG CCC ATC ATG AGC TCA GCC GAT GCC CTG TTG GAC CTC 614 Gln Ser Gly Lys Pro Ile Met Ser Ser Ala Asp Ala Leu Leu Asp Leu 695 700 705 ATC CGG AAC ATG TTC CCA GCC AAC CTA GTA GAA GCC ACA TTC AAA CAG 662 Ile Arg Asn Met Phe Pro Ala Asn Leu Val Glu Ala Thr Phe Lys Gln 710 715 720 TAC CGC ACC AAG ACC ACC CCA GTT GTC AAG TCC CCC AAG GTG GCA CCA 710 Tyr Arg Thr Lys Thr Thr Pro Val Val Lys Ser Pro Lys Val Ala Pro 725 730 735 GAG GAG GCC CCT CCT CGG CGG ATC CTC ATC TAC GGG GTC CAG GAG GAG 758 Glu Glu Ala Pro Pro Arg Arg Ile Leu Ile Tyr Gly Val Gln Glu Glu 740 745 750 AAT GGC TCC CAT GTG CAG AAC TTC GCC CTG GAC CTG ACC CCG CCG CCC 806 Asn Gly Ser His Val Gln Asn Phe Ala Leu Asp Leu Thr Pro Pro Pro 755 760 765 770 GAG GTC GTT TAC AAG TCA GAG CCG GGC ACC AGC GAT GGC ATG AAT GTG 854 Glu Val Val Tyr Lys Ser Glu Pro Gly Thr Ser Asp Gly Met Asn Val 775 780 785 CTG GGC ATC GTC TTC TTC TCT GCC ACC ATG GGC ATC ATG CTG GGC CGC 902 Leu Gly Ile Val Phe Phe Ser Ala Thr Met Gly Ile Met Leu Gly Arg 790 795 800 ATG GGT GAC AGC GGG GGC CCC CTG GTC AGC TTC TGC CAG TGC CTC AAT 950 Met Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Pro Leu Val Ser Phe Cys Gln Cys Leu Asn 805 810 815 GAG TCG GTC ATG AAG ATC GTG GCG GTG GCT GTG TGG TAT TTC CCC TTC 998 Glu Ser Val Met Lys Ile Val Ala Val Ala Val Trp Tyr Phe Pro Phe 820 825 830 GGC ATT GTG TTC CTC ATT GCG GGT AAG ATC CTG GAG ATG GAC GAC CCC 1046 Gly Ile Val Phe Leu Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Leu Glu Met Asp Asp Pro 835 840 845 850 AGG GCC GTC GGC AAG AAG CTG GGC TTC TAC TCA GTC ACC GTG GTG TGC 1094 Arg Ala Val Gly Lys Lys Leu Gly Phe Tyr Ser Val Thr Val Val Cys 855 860 865 GGG CTG GTG CTC CAC GGG CTC TTT ATC CTG CCC CTG CTC TAC TTC TTC 1142 Gly Leu Val Leu His Gly Leu Phe Ile Leu Pro Leu Leu Tyr Phe Phe 870 875 880 ATC ACC AAG AAG AAT CCC ATC GTC TTC ATC CGC GGC ATC CTG CAG GCT 1190 Ile Thr Lys Lys Asn Pro Ile Val Phe Ile Arg Gly Ile Leu Gln Ala 885 890 895 CTG CTC ATC GCG CTG GCC ACC TCC TCC AGC TCA GCC ACA CTG CCC ATC 1238 Leu Leu Ile Ala Leu Ala Thr Ser Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu Pro Ile 900 905 910 ACC TTC AAG TGC CTG CTG GAG AAC AAC CAC ATC GAC CGG CGC ATC GCT 1286 Thr Phe Lys Cys Leu Leu Glu Asn Asn His Ile Asp Arg Arg Ile Ala 915 920 925 930 CGC TTC GTG CTG CCC GTG GGT GCC ACC ATC AAC ATG GAC GGC ACT GCG 1334 Arg Phe Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Ile Asn Met Asp Gly Thr Ala 935 940 945 CTC TAC GAG GCT GTG GCC GCC ATC TTC ATC GCC CAG GTC AAC AAC TAC 1382 Leu Tyr Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Val Asn Asn Tyr 950 955 960 GAG CTG GAC TTT GGC CAG CTC ATC ACC ATC AGT ATC ACA GGC ACT GCA 1430 Glu Leu Asp Phe Gly Gln Leu Ile Thr Ile Ser Ile Thr Gly Thr Ala 965 970 975 GCC AGC ATT GGG GCA GCT GGC ATC CCC CAG GCC GGC CTC GTC ACC ATG 1478 Ala Ser Ile Gly Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met 980 985 990 GTC ATC GTG CTC ACC TCC GTG GGA CTG CCC ACC GAT GAC ATC ACC CTC 1526 Val Ile Val Leu Thr Ser Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Asp Asp Ile Thr Leu 995 1000 1005 1010 ATC ATT GGC GTT GAC TGG GCT CTG GAC CGT TTC CGC ACC ATG ATT AAC 1574 Ile Ile Gly Val Asp Trp Ala Leu Asp Arg Phe Arg Thr Met Ile Asn 1015 1020 1025 GTG CTG GGT GAT GCG CTG GCA GCG GGG ATC ATG GCC CAT ATA TGT CGG 1622 Val Leu Gly Asp Ala Leu Ala Ala Gly Ile Met Ala His Ile Cys Arg 1030 1035 1040 AAG GAT TTT GCC CGG GAC ACA GGC ACC GAG AAA CTG CTG CCC TGC GAG 1670 Lys Asp Phe Ala Arg Asp Thr Gly Thr Glu Lys Leu Leu Pro Cys Glu 1045 1050 1055 ACC AAG CCA GTG AGC CTC CAG GAG ATC GTG GCA GCC CAG CAG AAT GGC 1718 Thr Lys Pro Val Ser Leu Gln Glu Ile Val Ala Ala Gln Gln Asn Gly 1060 1065 1070 TGT GTG AAG AGT GTA GCC GAG GCC TCC GAG CTC ACC CTG GGC CCC ACC 1766 Cys Val Lys Ser Val Ala Glu Ala Ser Glu Leu Thr Leu Gly Pro Thr 1075 1080 1085 1090 TGC CCC CAC CAC GTC CCC GTT CAA GTG GAG CGG GAT GAG GAG CTG CCC 1814 Cys Pro His His Val Pro Val Gln Val Glu Arg Asp Glu Glu Leu Pro 1095 1100 1105 GCT GCG AGT CTG AAC CAC TGC ACC ATC CAG ATC AGC GAG CTG GAG ACC 1862 Ala Ala Ser Leu Asn His Cys Thr Ile Gln Ile Ser Glu Leu Glu Thr 1110 1115 1120 AAT GTC TGAGCCTGCG GAGCTGCAGG GGCAGGCGAG GCCTCCAGGG GCAGGGTCCT 1918 Asn Val GAGGCAGGAA CTCGACTCTC CAACCCTCCT GAGCAGCCGG TAGGGGGCAG GATCACAC 1978 TCTTCTCACC CTTGAGAGGA TGGAATTAAC CCCGCTTGGA CGGAAAATGT TTCTCAAG 2038 AAGGGAAAGG GTGCATGGGG GAGCCCATCC AGGGAGTGAT GGGCCCGGAT TGGCTGAA 2098 CCCCTTGTGA AAGTTTCCCC CGTTGTGAAC CCCGGTGAAG GGGGGAAGGC AGGGGGTT 2158 CCGGCCCCCC TTTTCTTGGA TGATAGGATT TGGACC 2194 560 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 10 Met Val Pro His Thr Ile Leu Ala Arg Gly Arg Asp Val Cys Arg Arg 1 5 10 15 Asn Gly Leu Leu Ile Leu Ser Val Leu Ser Val Ile Val Gly Cys Leu 20 25 30 Leu Gly Phe Phe Leu Arg Thr Arg Arg Leu Ser Pro Gln Glu Ile Ser 35 40 45 Tyr Phe Gln Phe Pro Gly Glu Leu Leu Met Arg Met Leu Lys Met Met 50 55 60 Ile Leu Pro Leu Val Phe Ser Ser Leu Met Ser Gly Leu Ala Ser Leu 65 70 75 80 Asp Ala Lys Thr Ser Ser Arg Leu Gly Val Leu Thr Val Ala Tyr Tyr 85 90 95 Leu Trp Thr Thr Phe Met Ala Val Ile Val Gly Ile Phe Met Val Ser 100 105 110 Ile Ile His Pro Gly Ser Ala Ala Gln Lys Glu Thr Thr Glu Gln Ser 115 120 125 Gly Lys Pro Ile Met Ser Ser Ala Asp Ala Leu Leu Asp Leu Ile Arg 130 135 140 Asn Met Phe Pro Ala Asn Leu Val Glu Ala Thr Phe Lys Gln Tyr Arg 145 150 155 160 Thr Lys Thr Thr Pro Val Val Lys Ser Pro Lys Val Ala Pro Glu Glu 165 170 175 Ala Pro Pro Arg Arg Ile Leu Ile Tyr Gly Val Gln Glu Glu Asn Gly 180 185 190 Ser His Val Gln Asn Phe Ala Leu Asp Leu Thr Pro Pro Pro Glu Val 195 200 205 Val Tyr Lys Ser Glu Pro Gly Thr Ser Asp Gly Met Asn Val Leu Gly 210 215 220 Ile Val Phe Phe Ser Ala Thr Met Gly Ile Met Leu Gly Arg Met Gly 225 230 235 240 Asp Ser Gly Gly Pro Leu Val Ser Phe Cys Gln Cys Leu Asn Glu Ser 245 250 255 Val Met Lys Ile Val Ala Val Ala Val Trp Tyr Phe Pro Phe Gly Ile 260 265 270 Val Phe Leu Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Leu Glu Met Asp Asp Pro Arg Ala 275 280 285 Val Gly Lys Lys Leu Gly Phe Tyr Ser Val Thr Val Val Cys Gly Leu 290 295 300 Val Leu His Gly Leu Phe Ile Leu Pro Leu Leu Tyr Phe Phe Ile Thr 305 310 315 320 Lys Lys Asn Pro Ile Val Phe Ile Arg Gly Ile Leu Gln Ala Leu Leu 325 330 335 Ile Ala Leu Ala Thr Ser Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu Pro Ile Thr Phe 340 345 350 Lys Cys Leu Leu Glu Asn Asn His Ile Asp Arg Arg Ile Ala Arg Phe 355 360 365 Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Ile Asn Met Asp Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr 370 375 380 Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Val Asn Asn Tyr Glu Leu 385 390 395 400 Asp Phe Gly Gln Leu Ile Thr Ile Ser Ile Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Ser 405 410 415 Ile Gly Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met Val Ile 420 425 430 Val Leu Thr Ser Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Asp Asp Ile Thr Leu Ile Ile 435 440 445 Gly Val Asp Trp Ala Leu Asp Arg Phe Arg Thr Met Ile Asn Val Leu 450 455 460 Gly Asp Ala Leu Ala Ala Gly Ile Met Ala His Ile Cys Arg Lys Asp 465 470 475 480 Phe Ala Arg Asp Thr Gly Thr Glu Lys Leu Leu Pro Cys Glu Thr Lys 485 490 495 Pro Val Ser Leu Gln Glu Ile Val Ala Ala Gln Gln Asn Gly Cys Val 500 505 510 Lys Ser Val Ala Glu Ala Ser Glu Leu Thr Leu Gly Pro Thr Cys Pro 515 520 525 His His Val Pro Val Gln Val Glu Arg Asp Glu Glu Leu Pro Ala Ala 530 535 540 Ser Leu Asn His Cys Thr Ile Gln Ile Ser Glu Leu Glu Thr Asn Val 545 550 555 560 1912 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA not provided CDS 83..1774 11 GAATTCGCGG CCGCGTCGAC GGAACCCCGG CGCCCTGTCT CAATGGGCAG CGGGCCCACC 60 CCCAAGGACC ACTGAGGACG CC ATG GCG GTG ACT GTG GAC GCG ATG CTG GCT 112 Met Ala Val Thr Val Asp Ala Met Leu Ala 565 570 CGC GCC AAG GAT GTC TGT AAG AGG AAC GGC CTG CTC ATC TTG TCC GTC 160 Arg Ala Lys Asp Val Cys Lys Arg Asn Gly Leu Leu Ile Leu Ser Val 575 580 585 TTG TCC GTC ATC ATA GGG TGT CTG CTG GGG TTC TTC CTG AGG ACT CGT 208 Leu Ser Val Ile Ile Gly Cys Leu Leu Gly Phe Phe Leu Arg Thr Arg 590 595 600 CGC CTG TGT GAG CAG GAA ATA AGC TAC TTC CAG TTT CCT GGA GAG CTG 256 Arg Leu Cys Glu Gln Glu Ile Ser Tyr Phe Gln Phe Pro Gly Glu Leu 605 610 615 CTG ATG AGG ATG CTG AAG ATG CTG ATT CTC CCG CTG GTC GTC TCA AGC 304 Leu Met Arg Met Leu Lys Met Leu Ile Leu Pro Leu Val Val Ser Ser 620 625 630 TTA ATG TCA GGG TTG GCG GCC TTG GAT GCC AAG ACT TCC AGC CGG CTC 352 Leu Met Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Asp Ala Lys Thr Ser Ser Arg Leu 635 640 645 650 GGC ATC ATA ACC ATC GCT TAC TAC CTG TGG ACG ACC TTT GTG GCA GTC 400 Gly Ile Ile Thr Ile Ala Tyr Tyr Leu Trp Thr Thr Phe Val Ala Val 655 660 665 ATA GTG GGG ATT GTC ATG GTC TCC ATA ATT CAC CCT GGA GGA GCG GCC 448 Ile Val Gly Ile Val Met Val Ser Ile Ile His Pro Gly Gly Ala Ala 670 675 680 CAG AAG GAG AAC ACC GAC CAG AGT GGG AAG CCC ATC ATG AGC TCC GCC 496 Gln Lys Glu Asn Thr Asp Gln Ser Gly Lys Pro Ile Met Ser Ser Ala 685 690 695 GAT GCC TTA CTA GAC CTC ATT AGG AAT ATG TTT CCA GCT AAC CTT GTT 544 Asp Ala Leu Leu Asp Leu Ile Arg Asn Met Phe Pro Ala Asn Leu Val 700 705 710 GAA GCT ACA TTT AAA CAG TAC CGT ACC AAG AAC ACT CCC ATT GTC AAA 592 Glu Ala Thr Phe Lys Gln Tyr Arg Thr Lys Asn Thr Pro Ile Val Lys 715 720 725 730 ACC GGT AAG GTG CCT CCT TCT GAA AGC ATC ACC CAT CGG ATC CTA GTC 640 Thr Gly Lys Val Pro Pro Ser Glu Ser Ile Thr His Arg Ile Leu Val 735 740 745 TAC GGG ATC CAG GAT GAG AAT GGA TCA AAC ATC CAG AAC TTT GCA CTG 688 Tyr Gly Ile Gln Asp Glu Asn Gly Ser Asn Ile Gln Asn Phe Ala Leu 750 755 760 GAC ATC ACG CCA CCG CCA GAG GTG ATC TAC AAA TCT GAG CCT GGC ACC 736 Asp Ile Thr Pro Pro Pro Glu Val Ile Tyr Lys Ser Glu Pro Gly Thr 765 770 775 AGC GAA GGC ATG AAT GTG CTG GGC ATT GTG ATC TTC TCT GCA ACG ATG 784 Ser Glu Gly Met Asn Val Leu Gly Ile Val Ile Phe Ser Ala Thr Met 780 785 790 GGA ATA ATG CTG GGG AGA ATG GGC ACC AGC GGG GTC CCG GTG GTC AGC 832 Gly Ile Met Leu Gly Arg Met Gly Thr Ser Gly Val Pro Val Val Ser 795 800 805 810 TTC TGC CAG TGT CTG AAT GAA TCT GTG ATG AAG ATA GTG GCT GTC TCC 880 Phe Cys Gln Cys Leu Asn Glu Ser Val Met Lys Ile Val Ala Val Ser 815 820 825 GTG TGG TAT TTC CCA TTT GGC ATC GTA TTC CTC ATT GCA GGA AAG ATA 928 Val Trp Tyr Phe Pro Phe Gly Ile Val Phe Leu Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile 830 835 840 TTG GAG ATG GAT GAC CCA ACA GCC TTC GGG AAG AAA CTG GGC TTT TAC 976 Leu Glu Met Asp Asp Pro Thr Ala Phe Gly Lys Lys Leu Gly Phe Tyr 845 850 855 GCC ATC ACT GTG GTT TGT GGC TTG GTC GTG CAT GGA CTT TTC ATT CTG 1024 Ala Ile Thr Val Val Cys Gly Leu Val Val His Gly Leu Phe Ile Leu 860 865 870 CCA ATG ATG TAT CTC TTC ATC ACC AAG AAA AAC CCC ATT GTC TTC ATC 1072 Pro Met Met Tyr Leu Phe Ile Thr Lys Lys Asn Pro Ile Val Phe Ile 875 880 885 890 CGG GGG GTT CTT CAA GCC TTG CTC ATA GCT CTG GCC ACG TCA TCC AGC 1120 Arg Gly Val Leu Gln Ala Leu Leu Ile Ala Leu Ala Thr Ser Ser Ser 895 900 905 TCG GCC ACA TTG CCT ATA ACC TTC AAG TGT TTG CTG GAG AAT AAT CAC 1168 Ser Ala Thr Leu Pro Ile Thr Phe Lys Cys Leu Leu Glu Asn Asn His 910 915 920 ATT GAC AGA AGG ATT GCC AGG TTT GTG CTG CCT GTG GGA GCC ACC ATT 1216 Ile Asp Arg Arg Ile Ala Arg Phe Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Ile 925 930 935 AAC ATG GAT GGA ACC GCT CTT TAT GAA GCC GTG GCG GCC ATC TTT ATT 1264 Asn Met Asp Gly Thr Ala Leu Tyr Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile 940 945 950 GCT CAA GTG AAC AAC TAT GAA CTA GAC TTT GGG CAG ATT ATT ACC ATA 1312 Ala Gln Val Asn Asn Tyr Glu Leu Asp Phe Gly Gln Ile Ile Thr Ile 955 960 965 970 AGC ATC ACA GCA ACA GCC GCC AGT ATC GGG GCA GCG GGC ATT CCA CAG 1360 Ser Ile Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Ser Ile Gly Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln 975 980 985 GCT GGC CTT GTG ACA ATG GTC ATC GTG CTC ACA TCA GTC GGG CTA CCT 1408 Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met Val Ile Val Leu Thr Ser Val Gly Leu Pro 990 995 1000 ACC GAT GAC ATC ACT CTC ATC ATC GCT GTG GAC TGG GCA CTA GAT CGA 1456 Thr Asp Asp Ile Thr Leu Ile Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Ala Leu Asp Arg 1005 1010 1015 TTT AGA ACA ATG ATC AAC GTC TTG GGA GAT GCC TTG GCT GCT GGG ATC 1504 Phe Arg Thr Met Ile Asn Val Leu Gly Asp Ala Leu Ala Ala Gly Ile 1020 1025 1030 ATG GCT CAC ATC TGC AGA AAG GAT TTT GAA AAC CAG AAC GAT GAG GTT 1552 Met Ala His Ile Cys Arg Lys Asp Phe Glu Asn Gln Asn Asp Glu Val 1035 1040 1045 1050 CCA CTG ATC TGT GAA ACG AAA AAT TTT AGC ATC CAC CAA ATC ATG GCG 1600 Pro Leu Ile Cys Glu Thr Lys Asn Phe Ser Ile His Gln Ile Met Ala 1055 1060 1065 TAC CAG AGA AAC GGC TGC GTG AAA AAT ATG AAC GCT TAT CAC GGG CAG 1648 Tyr Gln Arg Asn Gly Cys Val Lys Asn Met Asn Ala Tyr His Gly Gln 1070 1075 1080 GAG ACA GTG AAA GAC TGT CAT TAC ATA GAC ATG GAG CCG GAA GGT GCC 1696 Glu Thr Val Lys Asp Cys His Tyr Ile Asp Met Glu Pro Glu Gly Ala 1085 1090 1095 CCG GAG GAG AAC CAC ATT GAG GTA TCC AAC GAC AAG GAC CAC TGC ACC 1744 Pro Glu Glu Asn His Ile Glu Val Ser Asn Asp Lys Asp His Cys Thr 1100 1105 1110 ATT GAG ATC AAT GAA GTT GAA ACA AAC GTG TAGCTGATTG CCATGCAAAC 1794 Ile Glu Ile Asn Glu Val Glu Thr Asn Val 1115 1120 CTCATCTGCT ACTGGAGAGG GGACAATGGT GGCAGAACCA GCAGCTCTGA GTAAATAA 1854 CCCTAAAGAT GACAGACTCG ACAATTGTGC ATTTATCTGA GGCACAAATT CATTAAGG 1912 564 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 12 Met Ala Val Thr Val Asp Ala Met Leu Ala Arg Ala Lys Asp Val Cys 1 5 10 15 Lys Arg Asn Gly Leu Leu Ile Leu Ser Val Leu Ser Val Ile Ile Gly 20 25 30 Cys Leu Leu Gly Phe Phe Leu Arg Thr Arg Arg Leu Cys Glu Gln Glu 35 40 45 Ile Ser Tyr Phe Gln Phe Pro Gly Glu Leu Leu Met Arg Met Leu Lys 50 55 60 Met Leu Ile Leu Pro Leu Val Val Ser Ser Leu Met Ser Gly Leu Ala 65 70 75 80 Ala Leu Asp Ala Lys Thr Ser Ser Arg Leu Gly Ile Ile Thr Ile Ala 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Leu Trp Thr Thr Phe Val Ala Val Ile Val Gly Ile Val Met 100 105 110 Val Ser Ile Ile His Pro Gly Gly Ala Ala Gln Lys Glu Asn Thr Asp 115 120 125 Gln Ser Gly Lys Pro Ile Met Ser Ser Ala Asp Ala Leu Leu Asp Leu 130 135 140 Ile Arg Asn Met Phe Pro Ala Asn Leu Val Glu Ala Thr Phe Lys Gln 145 150 155 160 Tyr Arg Thr Lys Asn Thr Pro Ile Val Lys Thr Gly Lys Val Pro Pro 165 170 175 Ser Glu Ser Ile Thr His Arg Ile Leu Val Tyr Gly Ile Gln Asp Glu 180 185 190 Asn Gly Ser Asn Ile Gln Asn Phe Ala Leu Asp Ile Thr Pro Pro Pro 195 200 205 Glu Val Ile Tyr Lys Ser Glu Pro Gly Thr Ser Glu Gly Met Asn Val 210 215 220 Leu Gly Ile Val Ile Phe Ser Ala Thr Met Gly Ile Met Leu Gly Arg 225 230 235 240 Met Gly Thr Ser Gly Val Pro Val Val Ser Phe Cys Gln Cys Leu Asn 245 250 255 Glu Ser Val Met Lys Ile Val Ala Val Ser Val Trp Tyr Phe Pro Phe 260 265 270 Gly Ile Val Phe Leu Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Leu Glu Met Asp Asp Pro 275 280 285 Thr Ala Phe Gly Lys Lys Leu Gly Phe Tyr Ala Ile Thr Val Val Cys 290 295 300 Gly Leu Val Val His Gly Leu Phe Ile Leu Pro Met Met Tyr Leu Phe 305 310 315 320 Ile Thr Lys Lys Asn Pro Ile Val Phe Ile Arg Gly Val Leu Gln Ala 325 330 335 Leu Leu Ile Ala Leu Ala Thr Ser Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu Pro Ile 340 345 350 Thr Phe Lys Cys Leu Leu Glu Asn Asn His Ile Asp Arg Arg Ile Ala 355 360 365 Arg Phe Val Leu Pro Val Gly Ala Thr Ile Asn Met Asp Gly Thr Ala 370 375 380 Leu Tyr Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ala Gln Val Asn Asn Tyr 385 390 395 400 Glu Leu Asp Phe Gly Gln Ile Ile Thr Ile Ser Ile Thr Ala Thr Ala 405 410 415 Ala Ser Ile Gly Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ala Gly Leu Val Thr Met 420 425 430 Val Ile Val Leu Thr Ser Val Gly Leu Pro Thr Asp Asp Ile Thr Leu 435 440 445 Ile Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Ala Leu Asp Arg Phe Arg Thr Met Ile Asn 450 455 460 Val Leu Gly Asp Ala Leu Ala Ala Gly Ile Met Ala His Ile Cys Arg 465 470 475 480 Lys Asp Phe Glu Asn Gln Asn Asp Glu Val Pro Leu Ile Cys Glu Thr 485 490 495 Lys Asn Phe Ser Ile His Gln Ile Met Ala Tyr Gln Arg Asn Gly Cys 500 505 510 Val Lys Asn Met Asn Ala Tyr His Gly Gln Glu Thr Val Lys Asp Cys 515 520 525 His Tyr Ile Asp Met Glu Pro Glu Gly Ala Pro Glu Glu Asn His Ile 530 535 540 Glu Val Ser Asn Asp Lys Asp His Cys Thr Ile Glu Ile Asn Glu Val 545 550 555 560 Glu Thr Asn Val 27 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA not provided 13 CGCGGGTACC CTACCATGGT GCCGCAT 27 28 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA not provided 14 CGCGTCTAGA GGCTCAGACA TTGGTCTC 28 7 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 15 Ser Glu Leu Glu Thr Asn Val 1 5 7 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 16 Pro Ser Ile Glu Ser Asp Val 1 5 7 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 17 Ser Ser Ile Glu Ser Asp Val 1 5 7 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 18 Lys Ala Val Glu Thr Asp Val 1 5 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated human excitatory amino acid transporter produced by expressing in a cell a recombinant expression vector encoding human human excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 5 having the amino acid sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:
 10. 2. A cultured cell membrane preparation comprising a human excitatory amino acid transporter that is human excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 5 having the amino acid sequence identified as SEQ ID NO: 10, produced by a cultured cell that expresses a recombinant expression vector encoding human EAAT5. 